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In-vessel tritium retention and removal in ITER
BibTeX
@MISC{A_in-vesseltritium,
author = {G. Federici A and R. A. Anderl B and P. Andrew C and J. N. Brooks D and R. A. Causey E and J. P. Coad C and D. Cowgill E and R. P. Doerner F and A. A. Haasz G and G. Janeschitz A and W. Jacob H and G. R. Longhurst B and R. Nygren E and A. Peacock C and M. A. Pick C and J. Roth H and C. H. Skinner J and W. R. Wampler E},
title = {In-vessel tritium retention and removal in ITER},
year = {}
}
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Abstract
Tritium retention inside the vacuum vessel has emerged as a potentially serious constraint in the operation of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER). In this paper we review recent tokamak and laboratory data on hydrogen, deuterium and tritium retention for materials and conditions which are of direct relevance to the design of ITER. These data, together with significant advances in understanding the underlying physics, provide the basis for modelling predictions of the tritium inventory in ITER. We present the derivation, and discuss the results, of current predictions both in terms of implantation and codeposition rates, and critically discuss their uncertainties and sensitivity to important design and operation parameters such as the plasma edge conditions, the surface temperature, the presence of mixed-materials, etc. These analyses are consistent with recent tokamak findings and show that codeposition of tritium occurs on the divertor surfaces primarily with carbon eroded from a limited area of the divertor near the strike zones. This issue remains an area of serious concern for ITER. The calculated codeposition rates for ITER are relatively high and the in-vessel tritium inventory limit could be reached, under worst assumptions, in ap-proximately a week of continuous operation. We discuss the implications of these estimates on the design, operation
Keyphrases
in-vessel tritium retention tritium retention in-vessel tritium inventory limit significant advance recent tokamak finding divertor surface vacuum vessel continuous operation calculated codeposition rate laboratory data serious concern international thermonuclear experimental reactor recent tokamak underlying physic strike zone tritium inventory tritium occurs important design codeposition rate current prediction surface temperature worst assumption serious constraint direct relevance plasma edge condition limited area operation parameter
