@MISC{_room-temperaturequantum, author = {}, title = {Room-Temperature Quantum Hall Effect in Graphene}, year = {} }
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Abstract
The quantum Hall effect (QHE), one ex-ample of a quantum phenomenon thatoccurs on a truly macroscopic scale, has been attracting intense interest since its dis-covery in 1980 (1). The QHE, exclusive to two-dimensional (2D) metals, has elucidated many important aspects of quantum physics and has deepened our understanding of inter-acting systems. It has also led to the establish-ment of a new metrological standard, the resistance quantum, h/e2, that contains only fundamental constants of the electron charge, e, and Planck’s constant, h (2). As with many other quantum phenomena, the observation of the QHE usually requires low temperatures, typically below the boiling point of liquid helium (1). Efforts to extend the QHE temper-