Genome-Wide Bovine H3K27me3 Modifications and the Regulatory Effects on Genes Expressions in Peripheral
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Citation Context ...er3/input.htm) and confirmed by Oligo 6.0. Primer sequences are given in Table S5. A standard curve was performed using genomic DNA prepared for each primer pair to determinate primer pair efficiency =-=[51]-=-, and three serial tenfold dilutions were used ranging from 0.5 ng to 50 ng. Each 20 mL reaction contained 7 mL of nuclease-free water (Gibco), 10 mL of LightCycler 480 SYBR Green I Master mix (Roche,... |
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Citation Context ...reported that H3K27me3 are relatively stable through lymphocyte divisions and for preserving cell identity, and are therefore considered as potential marks for transmitting the epigenetic information =-=[20,21]-=-. In bovine, the remodeling of H3K27me3 was investigated during development of in vitro fertilization (IVF) and somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) bovine embryos [22,23]. The global dynamics of H3K2... |
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Citation Context ... genes (Figure 4, Table S1). As expected, H3K27me3 signals were correlated with gene repression (Figure 4), which is in agreement with previous studies in human T cell and murine embryonic stem cells =-=[30,31]-=-. Obviously, H3K27me3 levels were higher at silent genes than at active genes. Intriguingly, H3K27me3 levels were elevated surrounding the TSSs and peaked at upstream 2 K of TSS for the silent genes s... |
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Citation Context ....0 software, and its function is to isolate ChIP-enriched regions from non-enriched regions based on a dynamic Poisson distribution model. Detailed algorithms and models were described by Zhang et al =-=[46]-=-. We set up a bandwidth of 200 bp, mfold of 30, p-value of 1.00e-05 under a FDR cutoff of 1% to call peaks representing enriched H3K27me3 marks. The output result includes one EXCEL file containing th... |
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Citation Context ...s with sequencing length of 35 bp, but tags that include CATG site were of 21 bp length. To determine the position of tags sequences, a more stringent mapping method (SOAP 2.21 software) were adopted =-=[47,48]-=- to map all tags to the bovine reference genome. Raw sequences were transformed into clean tags after certain steps of data-processing. All clean tags were mapped to the reference sequences and only t... |
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Citation Context ...ome-wide measurements for studying the interactions between histone and DNA as well as their regulation on transcriptional activity were increased rapidly by high-throughput DNA sequencing techniques =-=[35,36]-=-. In the present study, we first described the genome-wide H3K27me3 profiling of peripheral blood lymphocytes in dairy cows. The results indicated that H3K27me3 modification were associated with gene ... |
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Citation Context ...then normalized to TPM (number of transcript copies in per million clean tags), equaling to copy number of clean tags for this gene divided by total number of clean tags and multiplied by one million =-=[49,50]-=-. Sequencing quality evaluation is shown in Figure S3. Combination Analysis of ChIP-seq with DGE Data To study the correlation of H3K27me3 modifications with gene expressions, transcriptional levels o... |
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Citation Context ...then normalized to TPM (number of transcript copies in per million clean tags), equaling to copy number of clean tags for this gene divided by total number of clean tags and multiplied by one million =-=[49,50]-=-. Sequencing quality evaluation is shown in Figure S3. Combination Analysis of ChIP-seq with DGE Data To study the correlation of H3K27me3 modifications with gene expressions, transcriptional levels o... |
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Citation Context ...ome-wide measurements for studying the interactions between histone and DNA as well as their regulation on transcriptional activity were increased rapidly by high-throughput DNA sequencing techniques =-=[35,36]-=-. In the present study, we first described the genome-wide H3K27me3 profiling of peripheral blood lymphocytes in dairy cows. The results indicated that H3K27me3 modification were associated with gene ... |
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Citation Context ...ion To assess the accuracy of the ChIP-seq mapping result, bovine CD4 and IL10 cytokine genes were used to confirm their H3K27me3 enrichment profile using ChIP - quantitative PCR (ChIP-qPCR) approach =-=[34]-=-. We arbitrarily chose five enriched regions from the H3K27me3 maps for the two genes (4 sites on the gene body region of CD4 and 1 site on the promoter region of IL10). Relative enrichment was quanti... |
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Citation Context ... system. Numerous studies are working on understanding the contribution of transcriptional and epigenetic regulation during lymphopoiesis at both physiological and pathological levels in recent years =-=[9,10,11,12,13]-=-. PLoS ONE | www.plosone.org 1 June 2012 | Volume 7 | Issue 6 | e39094 The complex relationships between transcription level and the epigenetic machinery of lymphocytes identity and development are pa... |
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Citation Context ...nd development are partially revealed [12,14,15]. Posttranslational histone modifications are the major part of epigenetics, which include acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation and ubiquitination =-=[16]-=-. Acetylation is the most frequently studied histone modification and is commonly localized to active chromatin. However, histone methylation plays a dual role as it is important in both activation an... |
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Citation Context ...s with sequencing length of 35 bp, but tags that include CATG site were of 21 bp length. To determine the position of tags sequences, a more stringent mapping method (SOAP 2.21 software) were adopted =-=[47,48]-=- to map all tags to the bovine reference genome. Raw sequences were transformed into clean tags after certain steps of data-processing. All clean tags were mapped to the reference sequences and only t... |
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Citation Context ...s it is important in both activation and repression, depending on where the methyl group is modified. Trimethylation of lysine four on histone H3 (H3K4me3) is associated with transcriptional activity =-=[17]-=-. By contrast, trimethylaiton of lysine 27 on histone H3 (H3K27me3) is related with inactivation of genes expressions or located in heterochromatin [18,19]. Studies reported that H3K27me3 are relative... |
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Citation Context ...s (Figure 2B). These results were consistent with previous observations that H3K27me3 associates extensively with proximal promoters in human T cells, as well as human and murine embryonic stem cells =-=[25,26,27]-=-. Distribution of H3K27me3 peaks. As the final ChIP DNA fragments contain immunoprecipitated target DNA only at minor fraction (reportedly,1%) within a large proportion of background input DNA [28,29]... |
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Citation Context ... system. Numerous studies are working on understanding the contribution of transcriptional and epigenetic regulation during lymphopoiesis at both physiological and pathological levels in recent years =-=[9,10,11,12,13]-=-. PLoS ONE | www.plosone.org 1 June 2012 | Volume 7 | Issue 6 | e39094 The complex relationships between transcription level and the epigenetic machinery of lymphocytes identity and development are pa... |
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Citation Context ...,26,27]. Distribution of H3K27me3 peaks. As the final ChIP DNA fragments contain immunoprecipitated target DNA only at minor fraction (reportedly,1%) within a large proportion of background input DNA =-=[28,29]-=-, many researchers seek to identify locations of ChIP target DNA in which sequence reads cluster into many enrichment regions, wherein overlapping reads appear as peaks. In the present study, MACS1.4.... |
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Citation Context ...plosone.org 1 June 2012 | Volume 7 | Issue 6 | e39094 The complex relationships between transcription level and the epigenetic machinery of lymphocytes identity and development are partially revealed =-=[12,14,15]-=-. Posttranslational histone modifications are the major part of epigenetics, which include acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation and ubiquitination [16]. Acetylation is the most frequently studied... |
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Citation Context ...e3) is associated with transcriptional activity [17]. By contrast, trimethylaiton of lysine 27 on histone H3 (H3K27me3) is related with inactivation of genes expressions or located in heterochromatin =-=[18,19]-=-. Studies reported that H3K27me3 are relatively stable through lymphocyte divisions and for preserving cell identity, and are therefore considered as potential marks for transmitting the epigenetic in... |
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Citation Context ...e3) is associated with transcriptional activity [17]. By contrast, trimethylaiton of lysine 27 on histone H3 (H3K27me3) is related with inactivation of genes expressions or located in heterochromatin =-=[18,19]-=-. Studies reported that H3K27me3 are relatively stable through lymphocyte divisions and for preserving cell identity, and are therefore considered as potential marks for transmitting the epigenetic in... |
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Citation Context ...g the epigenetic information [20,21]. In bovine, the remodeling of H3K27me3 was investigated during development of in vitro fertilization (IVF) and somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) bovine embryos =-=[22,23]-=-. The global dynamics of H3K27me3 during bovine oocyte maturation and preimplantation development were detected by semiquantitative immunofluorescence [24]. However, genome-wide H3K27me3 modifications... |
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Citation Context ...ollowing mechanisms: due to low level of H3K27me3 modification of IL10, more IL10 released by cytotoxic T-cells could inhibit the actions of NK cells during the immune response to bacterial infection =-=[42]-=-. These results suggested H3K27me3 levels of vital genes related to immune response could serve as a prognostic factor for udder health of dairy cattle [43]. We applied direct sequencing of ChIP DNA u... |
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Citation Context ... genes (Figure 4, Table S1). As expected, H3K27me3 signals were correlated with gene repression (Figure 4), which is in agreement with previous studies in human T cell and murine embryonic stem cells =-=[30,31]-=-. Obviously, H3K27me3 levels were higher at silent genes than at active genes. Intriguingly, H3K27me3 levels were elevated surrounding the TSSs and peaked at upstream 2 K of TSS for the silent genes s... |
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Citation Context ...s (Figure 2B). These results were consistent with previous observations that H3K27me3 associates extensively with proximal promoters in human T cells, as well as human and murine embryonic stem cells =-=[25,26,27]-=-. Distribution of H3K27me3 peaks. As the final ChIP DNA fragments contain immunoprecipitated target DNA only at minor fraction (reportedly,1%) within a large proportion of background input DNA [28,29]... |
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Citation Context ...s gene was not expressed in individual C3. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0039094.g008 Genome-Wide Profiling of H3K27me3 in Bovine PLoS ONE | www.plosone.org 9 June 2012 | Volume 7 | Issue 6 | e39094 udder =-=[37,38,39]-=-. Considering the SCC of the third-parity cows (SCC.400,000 cells/ml) significantly higher than the first-parity cows (SCC ,150,000 cells/ml) [40], we compared the differences of H3K27me3 modification... |
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Citation Context ...s gene was not expressed in individual C3. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0039094.g008 Genome-Wide Profiling of H3K27me3 in Bovine PLoS ONE | www.plosone.org 9 June 2012 | Volume 7 | Issue 6 | e39094 udder =-=[37,38,39]-=-. Considering the SCC of the third-parity cows (SCC.400,000 cells/ml) significantly higher than the first-parity cows (SCC ,150,000 cells/ml) [40], we compared the differences of H3K27me3 modification... |
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Citation Context ...rage herd life of Holsteins is under three lactations at present [1]. Studies reported that over 90% of all cows are culled due to reasons of infertility, mastitis, lameness and lower milk production =-=[2,3,4]-=-. Although somatic cells are normal constituent of milk, high somatic cell counts (SCC) in the milk have been shown to be significantly related with milk quality, milk losses and mastitis risk [5,6]. ... |
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Citation Context ...of cells, natural killer cells, T cells and B cells. Natural killer cells are a part of the innate immune system, whereas, T cells and B cells are the major components of the adaptive immune response =-=[8]-=-. Proper lymphocyte development and function are the result of multiple cell lineage choices and cellular transitions with the hematopoietic system. Numerous studies are working on understanding the c... |
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Citation Context ... system. Numerous studies are working on understanding the contribution of transcriptional and epigenetic regulation during lymphopoiesis at both physiological and pathological levels in recent years =-=[9,10,11,12,13]-=-. PLoS ONE | www.plosone.org 1 June 2012 | Volume 7 | Issue 6 | e39094 The complex relationships between transcription level and the epigenetic machinery of lymphocytes identity and development are pa... |
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Citation Context ...ll nuclear transfer (SCNT) bovine embryos [22,23]. The global dynamics of H3K27me3 during bovine oocyte maturation and preimplantation development were detected by semiquantitative immunofluorescence =-=[24]-=-. However, genome-wide H3K27me3 modifications and regulatory function are still unclear in bovine lymphocytes. The objectives of the study were to map the genomewide H3K27me3 landscape of bovine via h... |
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Citation Context ...,26,27]. Distribution of H3K27me3 peaks. As the final ChIP DNA fragments contain immunoprecipitated target DNA only at minor fraction (reportedly,1%) within a large proportion of background input DNA =-=[28,29]-=-, many researchers seek to identify locations of ChIP target DNA in which sequence reads cluster into many enrichment regions, wherein overlapping reads appear as peaks. In the present study, MACS1.4.... |
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Citation Context ...pairs long term memory and cognitive deficits in AD patients. For PSEN1 and 2 double knock-out mice, loss of presenilins function leads to up-regulation of inflammatory markers in the cerebral cortex =-=[41]-=-. Thus the potential function of silenced PSEN2 on increased SCC companion with the thirdparity cows is worth further study. Unexpected, the down expressed genes involved in immune response in the fir... |
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Citation Context ... for H3K27me3 marks in bovine lymphocytes. However, in the study, hundreds of peaks in bovine lymphocytes were found, which is far less than that in the human genome [44] and also in the maize genome =-=[45]-=- (see Figure S4). The reason may be associated with species, breeds or samples. As the H3K27me3 modification is highly complex, therefore, further studies are required to determine its function in dif... |
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Citation Context ...e possible and the highest milk production of dairy cows should be at the fifth parity from physiological perspective. However, the average herd life of Holsteins is under three lactations at present =-=[1]-=-. Studies reported that over 90% of all cows are culled due to reasons of infertility, mastitis, lameness and lower milk production [2,3,4]. Although somatic cells are normal constituent of milk, high... |
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Citation Context ...rage herd life of Holsteins is under three lactations at present [1]. Studies reported that over 90% of all cows are culled due to reasons of infertility, mastitis, lameness and lower milk production =-=[2,3,4]-=-. Although somatic cells are normal constituent of milk, high somatic cell counts (SCC) in the milk have been shown to be significantly related with milk quality, milk losses and mastitis risk [5,6]. ... |
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Citation Context ...[2,3,4]. Although somatic cells are normal constituent of milk, high somatic cell counts (SCC) in the milk have been shown to be significantly related with milk quality, milk losses and mastitis risk =-=[5,6]-=-. Peripheral blood lymphocytes are the main source of somatic cells in the milk of dairy cows in response to the infection or injury of the mammary gland [7]. Lymphocytes include three major types of ... |
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Citation Context ...[2,3,4]. Although somatic cells are normal constituent of milk, high somatic cell counts (SCC) in the milk have been shown to be significantly related with milk quality, milk losses and mastitis risk =-=[5,6]-=-. Peripheral blood lymphocytes are the main source of somatic cells in the milk of dairy cows in response to the infection or injury of the mammary gland [7]. Lymphocytes include three major types of ... |
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Citation Context ...k quality, milk losses and mastitis risk [5,6]. Peripheral blood lymphocytes are the main source of somatic cells in the milk of dairy cows in response to the infection or injury of the mammary gland =-=[7]-=-. Lymphocytes include three major types of cells, natural killer cells, T cells and B cells. Natural killer cells are a part of the innate immune system, whereas, T cells and B cells are the major com... |
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Citation Context ... system. Numerous studies are working on understanding the contribution of transcriptional and epigenetic regulation during lymphopoiesis at both physiological and pathological levels in recent years =-=[9,10,11,12,13]-=-. PLoS ONE | www.plosone.org 1 June 2012 | Volume 7 | Issue 6 | e39094 The complex relationships between transcription level and the epigenetic machinery of lymphocytes identity and development are pa... |
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Citation Context ... system. Numerous studies are working on understanding the contribution of transcriptional and epigenetic regulation during lymphopoiesis at both physiological and pathological levels in recent years =-=[9,10,11,12,13]-=-. PLoS ONE | www.plosone.org 1 June 2012 | Volume 7 | Issue 6 | e39094 The complex relationships between transcription level and the epigenetic machinery of lymphocytes identity and development are pa... |
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Citation Context ...plosone.org 1 June 2012 | Volume 7 | Issue 6 | e39094 The complex relationships between transcription level and the epigenetic machinery of lymphocytes identity and development are partially revealed =-=[12,14,15]-=-. Posttranslational histone modifications are the major part of epigenetics, which include acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation and ubiquitination [16]. Acetylation is the most frequently studied... |
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Citation Context ...g the epigenetic information [20,21]. In bovine, the remodeling of H3K27me3 was investigated during development of in vitro fertilization (IVF) and somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) bovine embryos =-=[22,23]-=-. The global dynamics of H3K27me3 during bovine oocyte maturation and preimplantation development were detected by semiquantitative immunofluorescence [24]. However, genome-wide H3K27me3 modifications... |
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Citation Context ...nd transcription factors genes. Different effectors of lymphocytes are characterized by lineage-specific expression of cytokine genes, and transcription factors play a role in this lineage commitment =-=[33]-=-. To further characterize the regulatory effects of H3K27me3 on the marked genes, we combined H3K27me3 maps with DGE data to identify groups of genes associated with cytokines and transcription factor... |
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Citation Context ...s gene was not expressed in individual C3. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0039094.g008 Genome-Wide Profiling of H3K27me3 in Bovine PLoS ONE | www.plosone.org 9 June 2012 | Volume 7 | Issue 6 | e39094 udder =-=[37,38,39]-=-. Considering the SCC of the third-parity cows (SCC.400,000 cells/ml) significantly higher than the first-parity cows (SCC ,150,000 cells/ml) [40], we compared the differences of H3K27me3 modification... |
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Citation Context ...9 June 2012 | Volume 7 | Issue 6 | e39094 udder [37,38,39]. Considering the SCC of the third-parity cows (SCC.400,000 cells/ml) significantly higher than the first-parity cows (SCC ,150,000 cells/ml) =-=[40]-=-, we compared the differences of H3K27me3 modification and gene expression levels between the third-parity cows and the first-parity cows. As expected, the 25 decreased expression genes in the third p... |
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Citation Context ... the immune response to bacterial infection [42]. These results suggested H3K27me3 levels of vital genes related to immune response could serve as a prognostic factor for udder health of dairy cattle =-=[43]-=-. We applied direct sequencing of ChIP DNA using Illumina Hiseq2000, which is an efficient method for mapping genomewide distributions of histone modifications and chromatin protein target sites. The ... |
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Citation Context ...ost comprehensive genome-wide data for H3K27me3 marks in bovine lymphocytes. However, in the study, hundreds of peaks in bovine lymphocytes were found, which is far less than that in the human genome =-=[44]-=- and also in the maize genome [45] (see Figure S4). The reason may be associated with species, breeds or samples. As the H3K27me3 modification is highly complex, therefore, further studies are require... |