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...me server ns1.utwente.nl The time between the sending of a DNS query and the receiving of a response is called the latency of that query. The latency can vary between milliseconds and tens of seconds =-=[11]-=-. 3 Research Methodology 3.1 Used Data In order to analyze the DNS traffic, this study makes use of the Internet data repository set up by the M2C project (Measuring, Modeling and Cost Allocation) [6]...

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...tures [2].s2 Chris J. Brandhorst, Aiko Pras 1.1 Related Work Past work is available on this subject. The most quoted of them was done by Danzig et al. [3]. Others are Brownlee et al. [4], Jung et al. =-=[5]-=- and Liston et al. [1]. This work will differ from the above in three aspects. The first is that it will take measurements from at least four local network-toInternet connections, all with a varying n...

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...evaluating new protocols, algorithms and architectures [2].s2 Chris J. Brandhorst, Aiko Pras 1.1 Related Work Past work is available on this subject. The most quoted of them was done by Danzig et al. =-=[3]-=-. Others are Brownlee et al. [4], Jung et al. [5] and Liston et al. [1]. This work will differ from the above in three aspects. The first is that it will take measurements from at least four local net...

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... and in chapter four the results will be presented out of which conclusions will be drawn in the final chapter. 2 The Domain Name System The Domain Name System is a standard and is defined in [7] and =-=[8]-=-. Here, only an overview of the most important basic functionality is given. The Internet’s DNS function is to translate human-readable hostnames (e.g. www.server.com) to IP addresses (e.g. 125.114.16...

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...ion. Multiple analyses can show the development of the use of the protocol over time and “studies involving certain DNS performance measures would be greatly strengthened by data from many locations” =-=[1]-=-. This, in turn, can address performance issues. Furthermore, when these statistics are known, quality models can be created for evaluating new protocols, algorithms and architectures [2].s2 Chris J. ...

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...ones only when these queries come from specific clients [15]. If any other client asks for an IP from one of these zones, a server failure is returned. This complies to a certain extent with RFC 2308 =-=[16]-=-, which declares that server failures fall in two classes, one of which states that “This may be where it (the name server, red.) has been listed as a server, but not configured to be a server for the...

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...the method of collection is identical. “The measurements are performed by capturing the headers of all packets that are transmitted over the (Ethernet) ‘uplink’ of an access network to the Internet.” =-=[13]-=-, see also Fig. 2. To the switch (can also be a router), a measurement PC was connected to which the switch copied all packet data that was coming through. To capture the 15 minutes of packets into bi...

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... has a record for another DNS server that does has these records. This layering of DNS servers can be repeated more than once. 2.2 Recursive Queries An example of a recursive query is shown in Fig. 1 =-=[10]-=-. The query and its response together often are called a lookup. The host 192.168.1.203 here requests the IP address of www.utwente.nl. It sends this query to its local name server, 192.168.1.1. The l...

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...er three and in chapter four the results will be presented out of which conclusions will be drawn in the final chapter. 2 The Domain Name System The Domain Name System is a standard and is defined in =-=[7]-=- and [8]. Here, only an overview of the most important basic functionality is given. The Internet’s DNS function is to translate human-readable hostnames (e.g. www.server.com) to IP addresses (e.g. 12...

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...andhorst, Aiko Pras • Root name servers. If the name server in the local network of the client does not have a mapping for the requested hostname, the local name server sends a query to one of the 13 =-=[9]-=- root name servers. These servers contain DNS records of authoritative name servers, one of which is returned to the local name server. • Authoritative name servers. A name server is authoritative for...

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... location #1 (see Table 1). 60.99% of all sent queries get this response. The first thought was that a broken DNS server was the cause of these high amounts of server failures. After further research =-=[15]-=-, it seemed that not a DNS server but (most probably) one single client was the cause. This will be discussed further in section 4.3. Because this abnormal behavior was observed in 7 of the 15 traces ...

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...y locations” [1]. This, in turn, can address performance issues. Furthermore, when these statistics are known, quality models can be created for evaluating new protocols, algorithms and architectures =-=[2]-=-.s2 Chris J. Brandhorst, Aiko Pras 1.1 Related Work Past work is available on this subject. The most quoted of them was done by Danzig et al. [3]. Others are Brownlee et al. [4], Jung et al. [5] and L...

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...thms and architectures [2].s2 Chris J. Brandhorst, Aiko Pras 1.1 Related Work Past work is available on this subject. The most quoted of them was done by Danzig et al. [3]. Others are Brownlee et al. =-=[4]-=-, Jung et al. [5] and Liston et al. [1]. This work will differ from the above in three aspects. The first is that it will take measurements from at least four local network-toInternet connections, all...