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...sproofs that match the metadata on the client side.sThese both schemes are single server storage scheme.sSo in these methods whole the data are stored on assingle server in which single-point-failure =-=[11]-=-. Andsvendor-lock-ins [10]. Problems are arises. Tosovercome these problems one possible solution is tosstripe data across multiple servers. Thus, to repair asfailed server, we can (i) read data from ...

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...o a multi-server settingsusing replication and erasure coding, respectively. Inserasure coding based system (e.g. Reed SolomonsCode) requires less storage overhead compare tosReplication based system =-=[14]-=-. For the same faulttolerance level.sA.sReplication Based systemsEnsuring reliability requires the introduction ofsredundancy. The simplest form of redundancy issreplication, which is adopted in many ...

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...lishing a two way communicationsbetween a sender and a receiver.sAvailability ensures that an organization has its fullsset of computing resources available and usable at allstimes for its real users =-=[8]-=-. In this paper we willsdiscuss about the integrity of data in cloud storage.sData integrity proving schemessJuels and Kaliski [8]. Proposed a scheme called Proofsof Retrievability (POR). Proof of ret...

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...iled server, we can (i) read data from otherssurviving servers, (ii) reconstruct the corrupted datasof the failed server, and (iii) write the reconstructedsdata to a new server. MR-PDP [13]. And HAIL =-=[12]-=-.sExtend integrity checks to a multi-server settingsusing replication and erasure coding, respectively. Inserasure coding based system (e.g. Reed SolomonsCode) requires less storage overhead compare t...

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...ofsDIP scheme. Our scheme will preserves the faultstolerance and also less repair traffic.sIn addition, we may exploit certain inherentsproperties of such combination to further reduce thes[8]. [19]. =-=[20]-=-. [9]. [21]. [22]. [23].sDATA POSSESSIONsno No yes yes yes yes yessSUPPORTsSAMPLINGsno No no yes yes yes yessTYPE OFsGUARANTEEsDeterministicsProbabilisticsSERVERsBLOCK ACCESSsO(n) O(logn) O(n) O(1) O(...

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...me. Our scheme will preserves the faultstolerance and also less repair traffic.sIn addition, we may exploit certain inherentsproperties of such combination to further reduce thes[8]. [19]. [20]. [9]. =-=[21]-=-. [22]. [23].sDATA POSSESSIONsno No yes yes yes yes yessSUPPORTsSAMPLINGsno No no yes yes yes yessTYPE OFsGUARANTEEsDeterministicsProbabilisticsSERVERsBLOCK ACCESSsO(n) O(logn) O(n) O(1) O(logn) O(log...

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...adata on the client side.sThese both schemes are single server storage scheme.sSo in these methods whole the data are stored on assingle server in which single-point-failure [11]. Andsvendor-lock-ins =-=[10]-=-. Problems are arises. Tosovercome these problems one possible solution is tosstripe data across multiple servers. Thus, to repair asfailed server, we can (i) read data from otherssurviving servers, (...

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...k bandwidth issoften a critical resource. This has motivated thesdevelopment of family of codes, referred assregenerating codes, designed to carry out thesregeneration efficiently. Regenerating codes =-=[15]-=-.sHave been proposed to minimize this repair traffics(i.e., the amount of data being read from survivingsservers). In essence, they achieve this by not readingsand reconstructing the whole file during...

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...rksThere are various study performed to check thesintegrity of data, which are typical in long-termsarchival storage systems. This problem is firstsconsidered by Juels et al. [8]. And Ateniese et al. =-=[9]-=-.,sgiving rise to the similar notions proof ofsretrievability [8]. (POR) and proof of data possessions(PDP) [9]., respectively, which are proposed to verifysthe integrity of a large file by spot-check...

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... 0.75M, i.e., 25% less than that ofsconventional repair of Reed-Solomon codes. Insgeneral, the repair bandwidth of FMSRscodes for k = n − 2 is M (n-1)s, and its saving compared tos2(n-2)sRAID-6 codes =-=[17]-=-. (Which are also double-faultstolerant) is up to 50% if n is large.sProperty 3: FMSR codes use uncoded repairsDuring repair, each surviving node under FMSRscodes transfers one parity chunk, without a...

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...antee by which the data issprotected from accidental or deliberates(malicious)modification. Hashing techniques, digitalssignatures and message authentication codes are usedsto preserve data integrity =-=[3]-=-. Integrity problems aresin big scale due to the multi-tenancy characteristic ofscloud [4].sAuthentication is the mechanism by which thessystems may securely identify their users.sAuthorizationdetermi...

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...rhead ofsDIP scheme. Our scheme will preserves the faultstolerance and also less repair traffic.sIn addition, we may exploit certain inherentsproperties of such combination to further reduce thes[8]. =-=[19]-=-. [20]. [9]. [21]. [22]. [23].sDATA POSSESSIONsno No yes yes yes yes yessSUPPORTsSAMPLINGsno No no yes yes yes yessTYPE OFsGUARANTEEsDeterministicsProbabilisticsSERVERsBLOCK ACCESSsO(n) O(logn) O(n) O...

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...which repair traffic is 0.75Mswhich is less than the Reed Solomon Erasure codingsbased system.sFig. 3 Regenerating Code based systemsPreliminariessA.sFunctional Minimum Storage Regenerating CodesFMSR =-=[16]-=-.Belongs to Maximum DistancesSeparable (MDS) codes. An MDS code is definedsby the parameters (n, k), where k < n. It encodes asfile F of size |F| into n pieces of size |F|/k each. Ans(n, k)-MDS code s...

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... to repair asfailed server, we can (i) read data from otherssurviving servers, (ii) reconstruct the corrupted datasof the failed server, and (iii) write the reconstructedsdata to a new server. MR-PDP =-=[13]-=-. And HAIL [12].sExtend integrity checks to a multi-server settingsusing replication and erasure coding, respectively. Inserasure coding based system (e.g. Reed SolomonsCode) requires less storage ove...

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....sAuthentication is the mechanism by which thessystems may securely identify their users.sAuthorizationdetermines the level of access to systemsresources attributed to a particular authenticated users=-=[5]-=-.sNon-repudiation is an extension to the identificationsand authentication service. It is used to ensure thatthesmessages sent are properly received andsacknowledgements are sent back to the sender. I...

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...e popularity of Cloud Computing is mainly due tosthe fact that many enterprise applications and data aresmoving into cloud platforms; however, lack ofssecurity is the major barrier for cloud adoption =-=[1]-=-.sAccording to a recent survey by International DatasCorporation (IDC), 87.5% of the masses belonging tosvaried levels starting from IT executives to CEOsshave said that security is the top most chall...

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.... Hashing techniques, digitalssignatures and message authentication codes are usedsto preserve data integrity [3]. Integrity problems aresin big scale due to the multi-tenancy characteristic ofscloud =-=[4]-=-.sAuthentication is the mechanism by which thessystems may securely identify their users.sAuthorizationdetermines the level of access to systemsresources attributed to a particular authenticated users...

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...r scheme will preserves the faultstolerance and also less repair traffic.sIn addition, we may exploit certain inherentsproperties of such combination to further reduce thes[8]. [19]. [20]. [9]. [21]. =-=[22]-=-. [23].sDATA POSSESSIONsno No yes yes yes yes yessSUPPORTsSAMPLINGsno No no yes yes yes yessTYPE OFsGUARANTEEsDeterministicsProbabilisticsSERVERsBLOCK ACCESSsO(n) O(logn) O(n) O(1) O(logn) O(logn) O(l...