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...low of a caller’s session, Leplatre and Brewster (2000) provide a framework for using non-speech audio to support navigation in menu-based interfaces. Their approach puts emphasis on mapping earcons (=-=Blattner et al. 1989-=-) to nodes in a hierarchical menu structure. Earcons are non-speech sounds that are created using sound parameters such as timbre, frequency, and intensity. They can be created in such a way that thei...

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...ization or personalization is defined as the changes that are made by the user to the default system or interface with the goal to more efficiently access some of the available options of the system (=-=McGrenere et al. 2002-=-). Traditional software applications offer all the functionalities to users, regardless of their intended tasks and their experience with the system. However, users typically use only a few options in...

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...; Shajahan and Irani 2004), enhancing the system with features such as Fig. 1 Example of the hierarchical menu structure of a touch-tone interface for news and to-dos Int J Speech Technol barging-in (=-=Karat et al. 1999-=-), and designing the graph structure to obtain the most efficient balance between the width and the depth of the hierarchy (GardnerBonneau 1999). Recently, there has been renewed interest in enhancing...

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...paths a user can take in a system (Balentine 1999), finding a balance between the length of menus and their associated prompts (Pu and Faltings 2002), inserting additional location cues in the menus (=-=Brewster 1998-=-; Shajahan and Irani 2004), enhancing the system with features such as Fig. 1 Example of the hierarchical menu structure of a touch-tone interface for news and to-dos Int J Speech Technol barging-in (...

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...The narrow interaction bandwidth available to touch-tone interfaces results typically in degraded usability performance (Gong and Lai 2001; McInnes et al. 1999; Resnick and Virzi 1992; Tatchell 1996; =-=Yankelovich et al. 1995-=-). In order to optimize the use of this limited channel capacity, the backbone structure for guiding a user in accessing the information is primarily a hierarchy (Fig. 1). Options for executing a give...

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...ll the functionalities to users, regardless of their intended tasks and their experience with the system. However, users typically use only a few options in an interface (Carroll and Carrithers 1984; =-=Linton et al. 2000-=-; McGrenere and Moore 2000). Therefore, personalizing the interface allows users to access their preferred options more easily and quickly. An example of personalization or customization is the use of...

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...es to users, regardless of their intended tasks and their experience with the system. However, users typically use only a few options in an interface (Carroll and Carrithers 1984; Linton et al. 2000; =-=McGrenere and Moore 2000-=-). Therefore, personalizing the interface allows users to access their preferred options more easily and quickly. An example of personalization or customization is the use of bookmarks in web browsers...

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...terface Personalization at the interface is motivated by minimizing the gap between what users know and need to know and by reducing the amount of information that interfere with the users’ workflow (=-=Baecker et al. 2000-=-). The idea of personalizing voice menus was inspired by the notion of bookmarks used in graphical applications and browsers. We demonstrate the concept of personalizing voice menus using telephony ap...

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...terfaces deliver information serially. The narrow interaction bandwidth available to touch-tone interfaces results typically in degraded usability performance (Gong and Lai 2001; McInnes et al. 1999; =-=Resnick and Virzi 1992-=-; Tatchell 1996; Yankelovich et al. 1995). In order to optimize the use of this limited channel capacity, the backbone structure for guiding a user in accessing the information is primarily a hierarch...

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...software applications offer all the functionalities to users, regardless of their intended tasks and their experience with the system. However, users typically use only a few options in an interface (=-=Carroll and Carrithers 1984-=-; Linton et al. 2000; McGrenere and Moore 2000). Therefore, personalizing the interface allows users to access their preferred options more easily and quickly. An example of personalization or customi...

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...n be accessed in parallel, touch-tone interfaces deliver information serially. The narrow interaction bandwidth available to touch-tone interfaces results typically in degraded usability performance (=-=Gong and Lai 2001-=-; McInnes et al. 1999; Resnick and Virzi 1992; Tatchell 1996; Yankelovich et al. 1995). In order to optimize the use of this limited channel capacity, the backbone structure for guiding a user in acce...

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...lutions that have been provided so far involve optimizing the potential paths a user can take in a system (Balentine 1999), finding a balance between the length of menus and their associated prompts (=-=Pu and Faltings 2002-=-), inserting additional location cues in the menus (Brewster 1998; Shajahan and Irani 2004), enhancing the system with features such as Fig. 1 Example of the hierarchical menu structure of a touch-ton...

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...t after option or information. Consequently, a major obstacle in promoting touch-tone interfaces is the high level of user frustration, which can arise when navigating through the hierarchical menus (=-=Roberts and Engelbeck 1989-=-). There has been a considerable amount of work on exploring methods for reducing the time a user needs for navigating a hierarchical menu structure. Major solutions that have been provided so far inv...

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...tion serially. The narrow interaction bandwidth available to touch-tone interfaces results typically in degraded usability performance (Gong and Lai 2001; McInnes et al. 1999; Resnick and Virzi 1992; =-=Tatchell 1996-=-; Yankelovich et al. 1995). In order to optimize the use of this limited channel capacity, the backbone structure for guiding a user in accessing the information is primarily a hierarchy (Fig. 1). Opt...

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...rallel, touch-tone interfaces deliver information serially. The narrow interaction bandwidth available to touch-tone interfaces results typically in degraded usability performance (Gong and Lai 2001; =-=McInnes et al. 1999-=-; Resnick and Virzi 1992; Tatchell 1996; Yankelovich et al. 1995). In order to optimize the use of this limited channel capacity, the backbone structure for guiding a user in accessing the information...

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...ods for reducing the time a user needs for navigating a hierarchical menu structure. Major solutions that have been provided so far involve optimizing the potential paths a user can take in a system (=-=Balentine 1999-=-), finding a balance between the length of menus and their associated prompts (Pu and Faltings 2002), inserting additional location cues in the menus (Brewster 1998; Shajahan and Irani 2004), enhancin...

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...of interest in the hierarchy. In reality, frequent users of a telephony system often memorize the sequence of actions they have to take in the touch-tone interface to reach their desired destination (=-=Smyth et al. 2005-=-). Nevertheless, with the current designs and suggested improvements of touch-tone interfaces deInt J Speech Technol scribed above, these users still have to follow the complete menu hierarchy in dept...