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...tional Accounts to include unpaid work, and her critiquesssignificantly shaped the discussion of these issues in the world conferences on women as well assin the emerging field of feminist economics (=-=Waring 1988-=-).sAs in Australia, the WID issues raised at the 1975 World Conference and in the UN Decade forsWomen only gradually found their way into New Zealand’s development assistance. This maysbe due to fragm...

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... date have ranged from the conceptual (Eveline and Bacchi 2005; Rees 2005), to the strategics(Chant and Sweetman 2012; Sandler and Rao 2012), to the practical (Brouers 2013; Mehra and Rao Gupta 2006; =-=Moser and Moser 2005-=-; Risbysand Keller 2012; Tiessen 2007).s3 Following national elections and a change of government in Australia in September 2013, AusAID is being merged into the AustraliansDepartment of Foreign Affai...

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.... The ultimate goal is to achieve gendersequality’ (UN Economic and Social Council 1997).s2 Critiques of gender mainstreaming efforts to date have ranged from the conceptual (Eveline and Bacchi 2005; =-=Rees 2005-=-), to the strategics(Chant and Sweetman 2012; Sandler and Rao 2012), to the practical (Brouers 2013; Mehra and Rao Gupta 2006; Moser and Moser 2005; Risbysand Keller 2012; Tiessen 2007).s3 Following n...

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...loan projects, technical assistance, and other activities.s4 This term appears to have been used first to describe feminists who moved into policy positions in the Australian government in the 1970ss(=-=Sawer 1996-=-: 4). It is used here to refer more broadly to government and development agency officials and staff who support gender equalitysdirectly through their work.s5 Only the first two categories of project...

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...uality is not perpetuated. The ultimate goal is to achieve gendersequality’ (UN Economic and Social Council 1997).s2 Critiques of gender mainstreaming efforts to date have ranged from the conceptual (=-=Eveline and Bacchi 2005-=-; Rees 2005), to the strategics(Chant and Sweetman 2012; Sandler and Rao 2012), to the practical (Brouers 2013; Mehra and Rao Gupta 2006; Moser and Moser 2005; Risbysand Keller 2012; Tiessen 2007).s3 ...

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... ranged from the conceptual (Eveline and Bacchi 2005; Rees 2005), to the strategics(Chant and Sweetman 2012; Sandler and Rao 2012), to the practical (Brouers 2013; Mehra and Rao Gupta 2006; Moser and =-=Moser 2005-=-; Risbysand Keller 2012; Tiessen 2007).s3 Following national elections and a change of government in Australia in September 2013, AusAID is being merged into the AustraliansDepartment of Foreign Affai...

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...e included the requirement of ‘impact on women’s28 statements accompanying Cabinet proposals and the preparation of ‘women’s budget statements’sby all government departments and agencies (Sawer 1996; =-=Sharp and Broomhill 2002-=-).sAustralia’s piloting of gender-responsive budgeting has been particularly influential worldwide.sAlthough Australia had provided aid to Papua New Guinea since 1946, its developmentsassistance progr...

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...e and Bacchi 2005; Rees 2005), to the strategics(Chant and Sweetman 2012; Sandler and Rao 2012), to the practical (Brouers 2013; Mehra and Rao Gupta 2006; Moser and Moser 2005; Risbysand Keller 2012; =-=Tiessen 2007-=-).s3 Following national elections and a change of government in Australia in September 2013, AusAID is being merged into the AustraliansDepartment of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT). R. Davies, ‘Bend...

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...pment of checklists and other guidance documents to analyze public policies from gendersand racial perspectives, and time-use surveys to quantify the extent and allocation of unpaidswork (Sawer 1996; =-=Teghtsoonian 2004-=-). Marilyn Waring, after uncovering the implicit gendersbiases in the national accounts as a New Zealand parliamentarian, also advocated globally tosreform the UN System of National Accounts to includ...

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...eve gendersequality’ (UN Economic and Social Council 1997).s2 Critiques of gender mainstreaming efforts to date have ranged from the conceptual (Eveline and Bacchi 2005; Rees 2005), to the strategics(=-=Chant and Sweetman 2012-=-; Sandler and Rao 2012), to the practical (Brouers 2013; Mehra and Rao Gupta 2006; Moser and Moser 2005; Risbysand Keller 2012; Tiessen 2007).s3 Following national elections and a change of government...

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...de language in the UN Charter,sensuring equal opportunities for women and men to serve in the United Nations, and she latersserved as the first vice-chair of the UN Commission on the Status of Women (=-=Pietilä 2002-=-).sFrom the early 1970s, the Women’s Electoral Lobby and its allies advocated domestically forswomen-friendly public policies, leading to the appointment of a women’s advisor to the PrimesMinister in ...

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... guide the NZAP: (1) investing in economic development, (2) promotingshuman development, (3) improving resilience and responding to disaster, and (4) building safesand secure communities (New Zealand =-=MFAT 2012-=-: 5). The policy statement confirms thats7 ODA Korea website, ‘Policy and Strategy―Legal framework’. Available at: http://www.odakorea.go.kr/eng.policy.Legal.do.s8 Korean Ministry of Gender Equality a...

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...ank (Lauterbach and Zuckerman 2013), foreign aid to women’s equalitysorganizations in the Middle East and North Africa (Baliamoune-Lutz 2013), the impact ofssectoral aid allocations on gender equity (=-=Pickbourn and Ndikumana 2013-=-), and the potential ofschallenge funds to address gender challenges in developing countries (Gulrajani 2013).sThis paper adds to the ReCom research already undertaken by examining the gendersmainstre...

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...n initial framework to address the problem and toscommission a follow-up study by the International Center for Research on Women andsprevalence surveys in several countries (AusAID 2008; AusAID 2009; =-=Ellsberg et al. 2012-=-).s6.6 Collaboration with development partnerssGiven the complex and long-term nature of gender equality work, it is especially important forsdevelopment organizations to co-ordinate efforts, share re...

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...accountability; (2) effectivesprocedures and practices; (3) capacity-building of staff and development partners; (4) adequatesfinancial resources; and (5) timely monitoring, evaluation, and learning (=-=OECD-DAC 1999-=-; UNsMillennium Project 2005; Risby and Keller 2012). These principles also inform the review heresof Asian donors’ efforts to mainstream gender equality in their programmes and projects.s4 Gender pol...

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...ent years, development organizations have experimented with various approaches tosmainstream gender equality in their operations. While evaluations of these efforts have shownsmixed results thus far (=-=Risby and Keller 2012-=-), there is broad consensus on the general elementssneeded to promote gender equality and women’s empowerment through developmentsassistance.2 These include (1) strong leadership, expertise, and accou...

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...smany other countries, the Korean women’s movement and ‘femocrats’ in government weresstrongly influenced by the reforms endorsed at the world conferences on women, especially thesBeijing Conference (=-=Suh 2011-=-). In particular, MGEF officials cited the Beijing Platform forsAction as a basis for introducing gender impact assessment requirements in 2002 and genderresponsive budgeting in 2006.8 These domestic ...

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...er and environment, throughout itssoperations’ (NZAID 2007: 17). NZAID began work on a new gender equality policy, butsprogress was slow, partly due to staffing gaps in the early years of the agency (=-=Waring 2005-=-).33sAfter internal and external consultations, the new policy was formally approved in 2007, and wasssupplemented by a detailed Mainstreaming Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment ActionsPlan 2007-...

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...l as other MDBs, and emphasized women as a special target group especially inseducation, health, agriculture, and rural development, as well as small-scale industries whereswomen already were active (=-=ADB 1998-=-). This original attention to women’s needs in selectedsprojects received a major boost when ADB included WID as one of the five strategicsdevelopment objectives in its Medium-Term Strategic Framework...

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...s development assistance was a WID Policy Statement issued in 1992, and this wassreplaced in 1998 by a GAD Policy reflecting the gender mainstreaming approach endorsed at thes1995 Beijing Conference (=-=Hung 2009-=-). A review conducted in the late 1990s found that, of thesNew Zealand development projects that could be assessed for gender integration, over 50 perscent were either gender-focused or gender-integra...

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..., as well as equal access to scholarships and to all other aid programmes.sIn response, a WID small grants scheme and scholarship scheme were established, and a formalsWID policy was adopted in 1992 (=-=Kilby and Olivieri 2008-=-).sFollowing the Beijing Conference in 1995, and responding to another aid review, AusAIDsadopted a new GAD policy in 1997 and issued a comprehensive Guide to Gender andsDevelopment for its staff and ...

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...ffective development co-operation for gender equality. Recent working papers under thesProgramme have reviewed the experience of the Nordic bilateral donors (Nanivazo and Scotts2012), the World Bank (=-=Lauterbach and Zuckerman 2013-=-), foreign aid to women’s equalitysorganizations in the Middle East and North Africa (Baliamoune-Lutz 2013), the impact ofssectoral aid allocations on gender equity (Pickbourn and Ndikumana 2013), and...

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...Economic and Social Council 1997).s2 Critiques of gender mainstreaming efforts to date have ranged from the conceptual (Eveline and Bacchi 2005; Rees 2005), to the strategics(Chant and Sweetman 2012; =-=Sandler and Rao 2012-=-), to the practical (Brouers 2013; Mehra and Rao Gupta 2006; Moser and Moser 2005; Risbysand Keller 2012; Tiessen 2007).s3 Following national elections and a change of government in Australia in Septe...

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...w Zealand’s nineteenth-century feminists also campaigned successfully forsgirls’ right to primary education, women’s right to attend and graduate from universities, andswomen’s right to practice law (=-=Wilson 2013-=-). The National Council of Women, an apexswomen’s organization that emerged from the 1890s suffrage campaign, has continued to providesa platform for women’s activism to the present day. New Zealand c...