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...ta model before they can be used for identifying, locating, tracking and monitoring objects. To this end, we propose a general data model for RFID applications (DMRA), which is based on ER data model =-=[8]-=- with some significant extensions. Before we present our data model, we first discuss the fundamental entities and relationships in RFID applications as follows. 3.2 Fundamental Entities in RFID Appli...

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...odel is generalized. Indeed, this application model can be well supported by our model with the definition of several locations, such as “inbox” and “outbox” locations. Location models are studied in =-=[21, 22]-=-, which can be combined with our data model for tracking and monitoring. Nexus [23] focuses on positioning and spatial data management. Recently, major IT vendors are providing sophisticated RFID plat...

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...defines the networks for RFID data and product data [18, 19], but RFID data modeling is not a task in its working group. There are much work on location management in pervasive computing. Römer et al =-=[20]-=- emphasize the importance of location management, but no systematic model is proposed. In [1], a smart box application model is generalized. Indeed, this application model can be well supported by our...

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...1.parent_epc = c2.parent_epc AND c1.epc = ’005’ AND overlaps( c1.tstart,c1.tend,c2.tstart,c2.tend) 16s8 Related Work RFID technology has emerged for years and poses new challenges for data management =-=[12, 13, 14, 15]-=-. However, little research has been done on how to effectively data modeling RFID data. Harrison et al [11, 16] summarize the data characteristics of RFID data, and provide some reference relations to...

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...tics, and also different associations of readers with locations. While a reader is often fixed at a location, many types of movable readers are also available, including handheld and wearable readers =-=[6]-=-, which can be either operated by human or guided by motion control systems. Moreover, locations can not only be fixed symbolic locations but also be continuous physical locations detected by location...

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...with the definition of several locations, such as “inbox” and “outbox” locations. Location models are studied in [21, 22], which can be combined with our data model for tracking and monitoring. Nexus =-=[23]-=- focuses on positioning and spatial data management. Recently, major IT vendors are providing sophisticated RFID platforms, including the Sun EPC Network [24], SAP Auto-ID Infrastructure [25], Oracle ...

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...odel is generalized. Indeed, this application model can be well supported by our model with the definition of several locations, such as “inbox” and “outbox” locations. Location models are studied in =-=[21, 22]-=-, which can be combined with our data model for tracking and monitoring. Nexus [23] focuses on positioning and spatial data management. Recently, major IT vendors are providing sophisticated RFID plat...

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...1.parent_epc = c2.parent_epc AND c1.epc = ’005’ AND overlaps( c1.tstart,c1.tend,c2.tstart,c2.tend) 16s8 Related Work RFID technology has emerged for years and poses new challenges for data management =-=[12, 13, 14, 15]-=-. However, little research has been done on how to effectively data modeling RFID data. Harrison et al [11, 16] summarize the data characteristics of RFID data, and provide some reference relations to...

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... model for tracking and monitoring. Nexus [23] focuses on positioning and spatial data management. Recently, major IT vendors are providing sophisticated RFID platforms, including the Sun EPC Network =-=[24]-=-, SAP Auto-ID Infrastructure [25], Oracle Sensor Edge Server [26], IBM WebSphere RFID Premises Server [27], Sybase RFID Solutions [28], and UCLA’s WinRFID Middleware[29]. These platforms serve as the ...

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...g. Nexus [23] focuses on positioning and spatial data management. Recently, major IT vendors are providing sophisticated RFID platforms, including the Sun EPC Network [24], SAP Auto-ID Infrastructure =-=[25]-=-, Oracle Sensor Edge Server [26], IBM WebSphere RFID Premises Server [27], Sybase RFID Solutions [28], and UCLA’s WinRFID Middleware[29]. These platforms serve as the bridges between the RFID physical...

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...such significant technology advantages, RFID has been gradually adopted and deployed in a wide area of applications, such as access control, library checkin and checkout, document tracking, smart box =-=[1]-=-, highway tolls, supply chain and logistics, security, and healthcare [2]. �� L4 L1 L2 L5 ��� �� �� ��� �� ��� � � �� �� ��� �� ��� � Figure 1: Pervasive Computing with RFID � One major challenge in p...

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...EMENT relation. Since RFID readers are a special type of sensors, readers together with sensors attached to objects form nested sensors. Nested sensors are discussed in PML (Physical Markup Language) =-=[10]-=-. Here we show that nested sensors can be well supported in our data model in consistent with PML. 6 Case Study With the discussion of the data models for the fundamental application scenarios A-G, we...

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...a models are event-based, which make it very difficult to express complex queries for tracking and monitoring RFID objects. For example, the following is the query based on the data model proposed in =-=[11]-=-. It takes eight steps to get the queries done, which is very cumbersome and inefficient. 1. For the EPCe of the tainted case of meat, use ONS together with the sequence registry (dynamic ONS) to obta...

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...1.parent_epc = c2.parent_epc AND c1.epc = ’005’ AND overlaps( c1.tstart,c1.tend,c2.tstart,c2.tend) 16s8 Related Work RFID technology has emerged for years and poses new challenges for data management =-=[12, 13, 14, 15]-=-. However, little research has been done on how to effectively data modeling RFID data. Harrison et al [11, 16] summarize the data characteristics of RFID data, and provide some reference relations to...

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...nd deployed in a wide area of applications, such as access control, library checkin and checkout, document tracking, smart box [1], highway tolls, supply chain and logistics, security, and healthcare =-=[2]-=-. �� L4 L1 L2 L5 ��� �� �� ��� �� ��� � � �� �� ��� �� ��� � Figure 1: Pervasive Computing with RFID � One major challenge in pervasive computing is to automatically identify, locate, track and monito...

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...entified by tagging them with RFID tags and virtually representing them as EPC. (Electronic Product Code is an identification scheme for universally identifying physical objects, defined by EPCGlobal =-=[3]-=-.) Readers can be deployed at different locations and networked together providing a RFID-based pervasive computing environment as illustrated in Figure 1, where L1 – L6 denote locations mounted with ...

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...ID technology has emerged for years and poses new challenges for data management [12, 13, 14, 15]. However, little research has been done on how to effectively data modeling RFID data. Harrison et al =-=[11, 16]-=- summarize the data characteristics of RFID data, and provide some reference relations to represent the data. In their model, RFID data are modeled as events, thus the state history and the temporal s...

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...del for RFID applications, which, however, does not provide constructs for modeling basic scenarios. EPCglobal [4], the current EPC standard group, defines the networks for RFID data and product data =-=[18, 19]-=-, but RFID data modeling is not a task in its working group. There are much work on location management in pervasive computing. Römer et al [20] emphasize the importance of location management, but no...

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...into numerous steps [11], which is indirect and inefficient, and not nature for users. [5] develops a data model for RFID applications, which, however, only supports fixed readers with readonly tags. =-=[17]-=- proposes a general data model for RFID applications, which, however, does not provide constructs for modeling basic scenarios. EPCglobal [4], the current EPC standard group, defines the networks for ...