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...livery of the sensed data to the sinks. Considering mobility as “a blessing” rather than a curse to network performance has been widely discussed for general ad hoc networks in different contexts [7]–=-=[10]-=-. The primary objective of these works is to deliver messages in disconnected ad hoc networks and to improve network throughput. The work by Chatzigiannakis et al. [8] explores the possibility of usin...

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... the node energy consumption for increasing the overall network lifetime. Previous research aimed toward this major goal has been prevalently concerned with developing techniques for topology control =-=[2]-=-, [3], energy efficient MAC [4] and routing [5], [6]. Most of the considered scenarios deal with sensor nodes that do no move and are un-replaceable, where the sensed data have to be delivered to the ...

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...trates the effectiveness of deploying mobile sinks for energy saving with respect to the static case via simulation. SEAD is shown to be more effective for energy conservation than directed diffusion =-=[13]-=-, TTDD [14] and ADMR [15]. In all these works, the mobility of the sink is unpredictable. For instance, sinks move according to the random waypoint model [12]. A first attempt on how to determine spec...

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...r increasing the overall network lifetime. Previous research aimed toward this major goal has been prevalently concerned with developing techniques for topology control [2], [3], energy efficient MAC =-=[4]-=- and routing [5], [6]. Most of the considered scenarios deal with sensor nodes that do no move and are un-replaceable, where the sensed data have to be delivered to the sinks that are static as well. ...

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...adio vicinity of each other), and it is then delivered to the intended destination when the agent passes by it. This basic idea has been introduced to WSNs by Shah et al. in their works on data mules =-=[11]-=-. Mobile nodes in the sensor field, called mules, are used as forwarding agents. The idea here is to save energy by having single-hop communication (from a sensor to the mule that is passing by) inste...

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... overall network lifetime. Previous research aimed toward this major goal has been prevalently concerned with developing techniques for topology control [2], [3], energy efficient MAC [4] and routing =-=[5]-=-, [6]. Most of the considered scenarios deal with sensor nodes that do no move and are un-replaceable, where the sensed data have to be delivered to the sinks that are static as well. A trend of the r...

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...all network lifetime. Previous research aimed toward this major goal has been prevalently concerned with developing techniques for topology control [2], [3], energy efficient MAC [4] and routing [5], =-=[6]-=-. Most of the considered scenarios deal with sensor nodes that do no move and are un-replaceable, where the sensed data have to be delivered to the sinks that are static as well. A trend of the resear...

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...of deploying mobile sinks for energy saving with respect to the static case via simulation. SEAD is shown to be more effective for energy conservation than directed diffusion [13], TTDD [14] and ADMR =-=[15]-=-. In all these works, the mobility of the sink is unpredictable. For instance, sinks move according to the random waypoint model [12]. A first attempt on how to determine specific sink movements for e...

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...of the sink is unpredictable. For instance, sinks move according to the random waypoint model [12]. A first attempt on how to determine specific sink movements for energy minimization is presented in =-=[16]-=-. The authors present an ILP (Integer Linear Programming) model to determine the locations of multiple sinks in the case multi-hop 0-7695-2268-8/05/$20.00 (C) 2005 IEEE Proceedings of the 38th Hawaii ...

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... of the more expensive multi-hop routing (from the sensor to the sink): It is the mule that will eventually take the sensed data to the sink. This approach has been further investigated by Kim et al. =-=[12]-=- which propose a dissemination protocols in which a tree-like communication structure is built and maintained and mobile sinks access the tree from specified sensor nodes in the tree. The protocol, te...

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...node energy consumption for increasing the overall network lifetime. Previous research aimed toward this major goal has been prevalently concerned with developing techniques for topology control [2], =-=[3]-=-, energy efficient MAC [4] and routing [5], [6]. Most of the considered scenarios deal with sensor nodes that do no move and are un-replaceable, where the sensed data have to be delivered to the sinks...

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...e delivery of the sensed data to the sinks. Considering mobility as “a blessing” rather than a curse to network performance has been widely discussed for general ad hoc networks in different contexts =-=[7]-=-–[10]. The primary objective of these works is to deliver messages in disconnected ad hoc networks and to improve network throughput. The work by Chatzigiannakis et al. [8] explores the possibility of...

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...effectiveness of deploying mobile sinks for energy saving with respect to the static case via simulation. SEAD is shown to be more effective for energy conservation than directed diffusion [13], TTDD =-=[14]-=- and ADMR [15]. In all these works, the mobility of the sink is unpredictable. For instance, sinks move according to the random waypoint model [12]. A first attempt on how to determine specific sink m...

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...works in different contexts [7]–[10]. The primary objective of these works is to deliver messages in disconnected ad hoc networks and to improve network throughput. The work by Chatzigiannakis et al. =-=[8]-=- explores the possibility of using the coordinated motion of a small part of users in the network to achieve efficient communication between two other mobile nodes. Basically, a part of the network no...

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...− x + y) i ∈ UR er(L + x− y) i ∈ LL er(2L− x− y − 1) i ∈ LR er i = k The computation of cki is programmed in C. Solution to the LP model for a given set of parameters has been obtained by using LINGO =-=[17]-=-. TABLE I zm , zs AND IMPROVEMENT RATIO L (n) zm zs zm−zszs % 3 (9) 802207.13 725806.45 10.53 4 (16) 451917.22 241935.48 86.79 5 (25) 320054.41 197947.21 61.69 6 (36) 263601.35 108870.97 142.12 7 (49)...