Citation Context

...ireless ad hoc network routing protocols. We present results of detailed simulations showing the relative performance of four recently proposed ad hoc routing protocols: DSDV [18], TORA [14, 15], DSR =-=[9, 10, 2]-=-, and AODV [17]. To enable these simulations, we extended the ns-2 network simulator [6] to include: Node mobility. A realistic physical layer including a radio propagation model supporting propagatio...

Citation Context

..., we extended the ns-2 network simulator [6] to include: Node mobility. A realistic physical layer including a radio propagation model supporting propagation delay, capture effects, and carrier sense =-=[20]-=-. Radio network interfaces with properties such as transmission power, antenna gain, and receiver sensitivity. The IEEE 802.11 Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol using the Distributed Coordination F...

Citation Context

... a variety of multi-hop wireless ad hoc network routing protocols. We present results of detailed simulations showing the relative performance of four recently proposed ad hoc routing protocols: DSDV =-=[18]-=-, TORA [14, 15], DSR [9, 10, 2], and AODV [17]. To enable these simulations, we extended the ns-2 network simulator [6] to include: Node mobility. A realistic physical layer including a radio propagat...

Citation Context

...of multi-hop wireless ad hoc network routing protocols. We present results of detailed simulations showing the relative performance of four recently proposed ad hoc routing protocols: DSDV [18], TORA =-=[14, 15]-=-, DSR [9, 10, 2], and AODV [17]. To enable these simulations, we extended the ns-2 network simulator [6] to include: Node mobility. A realistic physical layer including a radio propagation model suppo...

Citation Context

...rd [8] Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol Distributed Coordination Function (DCF) in order to accurately model the contention of nodes for the wireless medium. DCF is similar to MACA [11] and MACAW =-=[1]-=- and is designed to use both physical carrier sense and virtual carrier sense mechanisms to reduce the probability of collisions due to hidden terminals. The transmission of each unicast packet is pre...

Citation Context

...t preceded by an RTS/CTS and are not acknowledged by their recipients. 2.3 Address Resolution Since the routing protocols all operate at the network layer using IP addresses, an implementation of ARP =-=[19]-=-, modeled after the BSD Unix implementation [23], was included in the simulation and used to resolve IP addresses to link layer addresses. The broadcast nature of an ARP REQUEST packet (Section 6.3) a...

Citation Context

...ireless ad hoc network routing protocols. We present results of detailed simulations showing the relative performance of four recently proposed ad hoc routing protocols: DSDV [18], TORA [14, 15], DSR =-=[9, 10, 2]-=-, and AODV [17]. To enable these simulations, we extended the ns-2 network simulator [6] to include: Node mobility. A realistic physical layer including a radio propagation model supporting propagatio...

Citation Context

...ireless ad hoc network routing protocols. We present results of detailed simulations showing the relative performance of four recently proposed ad hoc routing protocols: DSDV [18], TORA [14, 15], DSR =-=[9, 10, 2]-=-, and AODV [17]. To enable these simulations, we extended the ns-2 network simulator [6] to include: Node mobility. A realistic physical layer including a radio propagation model supporting propagatio...

Citation Context

...of multi-hop wireless ad hoc network routing protocols. We present results of detailed simulations showing the relative performance of four recently proposed ad hoc routing protocols: DSDV [18], TORA =-=[14, 15]-=-, DSR [9, 10, 2], and AODV [17]. To enable these simulations, we extended the ns-2 network simulator [6] to include: Node mobility. A realistic physical layer including a radio propagation model suppo...

Citation Context

...d by their recipients. 2.3 Address Resolution Since the routing protocols all operate at the network layer using IP addresses, an implementation of ARP [19], modeled after the BSD Unix implementation =-=[23]-=-, was included in the simulation and used to resolve IP addresses to link layer addresses. The broadcast nature of an ARP REQUEST packet (Section 6.3) and the interaction of ARP with on-demand protoco...

Citation Context

... density. The physical radio characteristics of each mobile node’s network interface, such as the antenna gain, transmit power, and receiver sensitivity, were chosen to approximate the Lucent WaveLAN =-=[22]-=- direct sequence spread spectrum radio. In order to enable direct, fair comparisons between the protocols, it was critical to challenge the protocols with identical loads and environmental conditions....

Citation Context

...tects a network partition, it generates a CLEAR packet that resets routing state and removes invalid routes from the network. TORA is layered on top of IMEP, the Internet MANET Encapsulation Protocol =-=[5]-=-, which is required to provide reliable, in-order delivery of all routing control messages from a node to each of its neighbors, plus notification to the routing protocol whenever a link to one of its...

Citation Context

...s using laptop computers to participate in an interactive lecture, business associates sharing information during a meeting, soldiers relaying information for situational awareness on the battlefield =-=[12, 21]-=-, and emergency disaster relief personnel coordinating efforts after a hurricane or earthquake. This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under CAREER Award NCR-9502725,...

Citation Context

...k routing protocols. We present results of detailed simulations showing the relative performance of four recently proposed ad hoc routing protocols: DSDV [18], TORA [14, 15], DSR [9, 10, 2], and AODV =-=[17]-=-. To enable these simulations, we extended the ns-2 network simulator [6] to include: Node mobility. A realistic physical layer including a radio propagation model supporting propagation delay, captur...

Citation Context

... use the link or if it fails to receive expected periodic beacons over it, and a node can only recognize the existence of a new neighbor when it receives a packet from that neighbor. An earlier paper =-=[3]-=- presented simulation results for the protocol on which TORA is in part based, but the simulator used in that study had the same problems as the simulator used by Park and Corson, and the metrics used...

Citation Context

...e present path optimality data as the difference between the optimal and actual path lengths used. 7.3 Freisleben and Jansen DSDV and DSR were recently simulated and compared by Freisleben and Jansen =-=[7]-=-. Their simulations used configurations of 10 or 25 mobile nodes, with movement speeds relative to transmission range approximately 6 times faster than in our simulations, making some of their results...

Citation Context

...00 400 500 600 700 800 900 Pause time (secs) Figure 11 Routing overhead as a function of pause time for DSDV-SQ and DSDV. 7.1 Park and Corson An earlier simulation of TORA was done by Park and Corson =-=[16]-=-, who compared TORA to an “idealized” link state routing protocol. Their results are quite different from those presented in this paper, showing TORA delivering over 90% of its packets in all cases, b...

Citation Context

...s using laptop computers to participate in an interactive lecture, business associates sharing information during a meeting, soldiers relaying information for situational awareness on the battlefield =-=[12, 21]-=-, and emergency disaster relief personnel coordinating efforts after a hurricane or earthquake. This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under CAREER Award NCR-9502725,...