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The poverty of cities in developing regions
- Population and Development Review
, 1998
"... A LONG-STANDING BELIEF in development studies holds that, on the whole, living conditions in developing countries are superior for residents of large cities than for persons living in smaller cities, towns, and villages. The concept of big cities as “islands of privilege ” (Harrison 1982: 145) is fu ..."
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A LONG-STANDING BELIEF in development studies holds that, on the whole, living conditions in developing countries are superior for residents of large cities than for persons living in smaller cities, towns, and villages. The concept of big cities as “islands of privilege ” (Harrison 1982: 145) is fundamental to otherwise discrepant theories of modernization, dependency, world systems of cities, and the global division of labor, each of which posits long-lasting disadvantages for populations outside of major urban centers. 1 It is also supported by evidence from numerous developing countries of lower child mortality rates, greater income-earning opportunities, less frequent and less severe famines, and better access to publicly conferred entitlements in big cities than in smaller areas in the era since World War II. Since the late 1980s, however, the presumed superiority of large cities in developing countries has been widely disputed. One argument, informed by evidence of rapid population growth and economic stagnation in many cities, and by perceptions of associated negative externalities imposed on city environments, asserts deteriorating or relatively unfavorable living conditions for big-city residents, on average, as compared with conditions for inhabitants of smaller cities and towns. Paul Kennedy (1993: 26) observes that “Asian, Latin American, and Central American megacities of 20 million inhabitants have become increasingly centers of poverty
2000) “How Does Structural Reform Affect Regional Development? Resolving Contradictory Theory with Evidence from India”. Economic Geography
"... Abstract: Regional theory offers little coherent guidance on the prospects for interregional development after structural reform in developing nations. In this paper I suggest a basic set of hypotheses in which the neoliberal nation-state is simultaneously a reduced state (less concerned about promo ..."
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Abstract: Regional theory offers little coherent guidance on the prospects for interregional development after structural reform in developing nations. In this paper I suggest a basic set of hypotheses in which the neoliberal nation-state is simultaneously a reduced state (less concerned about promoting regional balance) and an enlarged state (directing development toward selected regions). Under the new regulatory structure the location of post-reform investments may be expected to favor the coast, advanced regions, and existing metropolises (especially the edge areas); these expectations may be more true for foreign direct investments than domestic investments (especially the direct investments of the state). I use disag-gregated pre- and post-reform industrial data from India to test the hypotheses. The results offer partial to full support for all hypotheses, providing evidence of the return of cumulative causation, and raising concerns about the political economy of future development in the lagging regions. Key words: structural reform, regional development, regional theory, industrial location, India.
Human Security and Mutual Vulnerability An Exploration into the Global Political Economy of Development and
"... Jorge Nef responds to one of the most pressing intellectual challenges of the post-Cold War era: the search for an analytical framework that will help us understand this turbulent and chaotic period in human history. His lucid and visionary analysis rests on the concept of mutual vulnerability: that ..."
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Jorge Nef responds to one of the most pressing intellectual challenges of the post-Cold War era: the search for an analytical framework that will help us understand this turbulent and chaotic period in human history. His lucid and visionary analysis rests on the concept of mutual vulnerability: that in an increasingly interdependent world, global security is only as strong as the weakest link in the chain.
Housing in The Third World Cities And Sustainable Urban Developments
"... This paper documents and examines Housing in the Third world cities generally and the effect of poverty and urbanization. It explains the integration of the green and brown agenda as a means of sustainable urban development in developing cities. The study provides evidence of housing shortages as a ..."
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This paper documents and examines Housing in the Third world cities generally and the effect of poverty and urbanization. It explains the integration of the green and brown agenda as a means of sustainable urban development in developing cities. The study provides evidence of housing shortages as a result of poverty and rate of urbanization. However, although urbanization is a common phenomenon that is taking place all over the world, urbanization rate is highest in Africa, and as a result, governments of sub- Saharan African countries are challenged in providing housing and related infrastructure for the growing urban population. It concludes with the importance of slum improvement and highlights the issue of housing shortages as one of the major challenges facing a developing economy.
2 Globalization, Foreign Direct Investment, and Urbanization in Developing Countries
"... Since the early 1980s, urbanization has taken on new dimensions as a result of increasing globalization. The latter embraces an emerging global production system in what has been referred to as the new international division of labor (NIDL), and increasing participation by foreign capital and transn ..."
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Since the early 1980s, urbanization has taken on new dimensions as a result of increasing globalization. The latter embraces an emerging global production system in what has been referred to as the new international division of labor (NIDL), and increasing participation by foreign capital and transnational corporations (TNCs) in constructing, running, and financing major urban infrastructure and services
University of Michigan's Population
"... Environment, and Security. Supported by the U.S. Agency for International Development through a cooperative agreement with the ..."
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Environment, and Security. Supported by the U.S. Agency for International Development through a cooperative agreement with the
