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Does angel participation matter? An analysis of early venture financing. Unpublished working paper (2009)

by Brent Goldfarb, Gerard Hoberg, David Kirsch Alex, Er Triantis
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Form or substance: The role of business plans in venture capital decision making. Strategic Management Journal. 370 library trends/winter 2009

by David Kirsch , Brent Goldfarb , Azi Gera , Robert H Smith - International Preservation News , 1998
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...ional on inclusion of information about prior non-VC external private equity funding, documents that report greater amounts of funding are more likely to receive VC funding. The size of VC firms has grown over time (Gompers and Lerner, 1999). However, managerial expertise is not necessarily scalable. Hence, venture capitalists tend to finance in larger amounts than other non-venture private equity investors 8 One could also argue that previous funding may be detrimental as it could make a VC deal more complex (Ibrahim, 2008), although there is little systematic evidence that this is the case (Goldfarb et al., 2008). One might expect that the type of prior equity funding would impart important information to a potential VC. For example, while we observe prior funding generally, we occasionally observe whether these investors were internal (i.e., founders), or external (i.e., non-VC investors, generally business angels). One can formulate arguments that either one of these investment types would be a positive signal to VCs. However, in unreported regressions we do not find that either the inclusion of this information or the amount of each type of funding impacts outcomes. For the sake of brevity, we excl...

Friends or Foes? The Interrelationship between Angel and Venture Capital Markets

by Thomas Hellmann, Veikko Thiele - Journal of Financial Economics , 2014
"... This paper develops a theory of how angel and venture capital markets interact. En-trepreneurs first receive angel then venture capital funding. The two investor types are ‘friends ’ in that they rely upon each other’s investments. However, they are also ‘foes’, because at the later stage the ventur ..."
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This paper develops a theory of how angel and venture capital markets interact. En-trepreneurs first receive angel then venture capital funding. The two investor types are ‘friends ’ in that they rely upon each other’s investments. However, they are also ‘foes’, because at the later stage the venture capitalists no longer need the angels. Using a costly search model we derive the equilibrium deal flows across the two markets, endogenously deriving market sizes, competitive structures, valuation levels, and exit rates. We also ex-amine the role of legal protection for angel investments.

Trends in Financial Innovation and Their Welfare Impact

by An Overview, Franklin Allen , 2011
"... There is a fair amount of evidence that financial innovations are sometimes undertaken to create complexity and exploit the purchaser. Thus financial innovation does have a dark side. As far as the financial crisis that started in 2007 is concerned, securitization and subprime mortgages may have exa ..."
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There is a fair amount of evidence that financial innovations are sometimes undertaken to create complexity and exploit the purchaser. Thus financial innovation does have a dark side. As far as the financial crisis that started in 2007 is concerned, securitization and subprime mortgages may have exacerbated the problem. However, financial crises have occurred in a very wide range of circumstances, where these and other innovations were not important. There is evidence that in the long run financial liberalization has been more of a problem than financial innovation. There are also many financial innovations that have had a significant positive effect. These include venture capital and leveraged buyout funds to finance businesses. In addition, financial innovation has allowed many improvements in the environment and in global health. On balance it seems likely its effects have been positive rather than negative. * Prepared for the Conference on “Welfare Effects of Financial Innovation ” in honor of Nout Wellink held on

ABSTRACT Title of dissertation: DO INVESTOR CAPABILITIES INFLUENCE THE INTERPRETATION OF ENTREPRENEUR SIGNALS? THEORY AND TESTING IN THE PRIVATE EQUITY SETTING

by Azi Gera, Ph. D
"... Informing outsiders of the potential and quality of the organization in a way that will benefit the organization and avoid putting it at risk is a challenging task in competitive settings. Under conditions of uncertainty, in which external entities are imperfectly informed about the organization, ou ..."
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Informing outsiders of the potential and quality of the organization in a way that will benefit the organization and avoid putting it at risk is a challenging task in competitive settings. Under conditions of uncertainty, in which external entities are imperfectly informed about the organization, outsiders will seek for signals of quality. Current research of interfirm signaling has focused on the sender’s ability to generate signals. In this dissertation, I propose that receivers of signals are heterogeneous in their ability to interpret signals and that this heterogeneity significantly influences the outcome of the interaction between signaler and interpreter. I apply this insight in an entrepreneurial setting to explain differences in signaling to venture capitalist and informal private equity investors (business angels) over the early stages of a firm’s lifecycle. The findings have strong implications for entrepreneurial firms ’ strategy and, generally, to signaling theory. I argue that signals are multifaceted. Outsiders may base their decisions on two aspects of signal: the informative aspect, which relays direct information on the capabilities of the organization; and, the legitimizing aspect, which conveys legitimacy

Individual Crowdfunding Practices *

by Paul Belleflamme , Thomas Lambert , Armin Schwienbacher
"... Abstract This study investigates characteristics of individual crowdfunding practices and drivers of fundraising success, where entrepreneurs can tailor their crowdfunding initiatives better than on standardized platforms. Our data indicate that most of the funds provided are entitled to receive ei ..."
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Abstract This study investigates characteristics of individual crowdfunding practices and drivers of fundraising success, where entrepreneurs can tailor their crowdfunding initiatives better than on standardized platforms. Our data indicate that most of the funds provided are entitled to receive either financial compensations (equity, profit-share arrangement) or non-financial benefits (final product, token of appreciation), while donations are less common. Moreover, crowdfunding initiatives that are structured as non-profit organizations tend to be significantly more successful than other organizational forms in achieving their fundraising targets, even after controlling for various project characteristics. This finding is in line with theoretical arguments developed by the contract failure literature that postulates that non-profit organizations may find it easier to attract money for initiatives that are of interest for the general community due to their reduced focus on profits. JEL classification codes: G32, L11, L13, L15, L21, L31

History: Establishing a Public Interest in Private Business Records

by David A. Kirsch
"... Long-term preservation of and access to business records of the sort that business historians have relied upon for decades and that supported the development of applied fields, like business strategy, is increasingly threatened by their growing value. The expansion of entrepreneurial capitalism foll ..."
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Long-term preservation of and access to business records of the sort that business historians have relied upon for decades and that supported the development of applied fields, like business strategy, is increasingly threatened by their growing value. The expansion of entrepreneurial capitalism following the end of the Cold War has produced a new era of business ascendant across much of the globe. At home, we are reminded of President Calvin Coolidge’s observa-tion that “the chief business of the American people is business. ” Not since Coolidge first uttered these words more than eighty years ago have they rung more true. And if the business of America is business, then surely the history of America is the history of American business. Yet, if we have witnessed a new gilded age in American industry, the evidentiary record of these events may disappoint future scholars, policy makers, and the interested public. The article is organized as follows: first, the problem is described. The sec-tion “Record of Business at Risk ” explores these factors. The next section, “The Digital Archive of the Birth of the Dot Com Era ” reviews some of the efforts that have been supported by the National Digital Information
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... and institutional solutions necessary for the creation of a functioningsclosed archive. Though initial efforts have yielded promising results thatsdo not risk disclosure of confidential information (=-=Goldfarb et al., 2008-=-),sin general, the approved methodology must still be translated into operating guidelines and procedures that will govern the operation of the closedsarchive in years to come. Dot Com Archive and Rel...

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by Ramon P. Degennaro, Michael B. Mcdonald Iv , 2011
"... Preliminary. Please do not quote without permission. Abstract: Research on angel investors is sparse because data are sparse. Definitions of angel investors and estimates of returns on angel investments vary dramatically. What can we make of this wide range of reported returns? We survey the literat ..."
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Preliminary. Please do not quote without permission. Abstract: Research on angel investors is sparse because data are sparse. Definitions of angel investors and estimates of returns on angel investments vary dramatically. What can we make of this wide range of reported returns? We survey the literature and find that the calculations of reported results are quite vague. Most researchers do not explicitly report whether their estimates are equal-weighted or valueweighted, for example, nor do they say whether the results are weighted by the duration of the investment.

Gambit A Portfolio Approach to Venture Capital Financing ∗

by Pascal François, Georges Hübner
"... paper studies the contracting choices between an entrepreneur and venture capital investors ..."
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paper studies the contracting choices between an entrepreneur and venture capital investors

A Portfolio Approach to Venture Capital Financing ∗

by Pascal François, Georges Hübner
"... paper studies the contracting choices between an entrepreneur and venture capital investors ..."
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paper studies the contracting choices between an entrepreneur and venture capital investors

BEHAVIORAL FINANCE: FACTORS INFLUENCING ANGEL INVESTOR DECISIONS

by Robert C. Forrester, Robert C. Forrester , 2014
"... Copyright by ..."
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