We introduce a new method to optimize the required area, minimum angle and number of bends of planar drawings of graphs on a grid. The main tool is a new type of ordering on the vertices and faces of triconnected planar graphs. Using this method linear time and space algorithms can be designed for many graph drawing problems. -- Every triconnected planar graph G can be drawn convexly with straight lines on an (2n \Gamma 4) \Theta (n \Gamma 2) grid, where n is the number of vertices. -- Every triconnected planar graph with maximum degree four can be drawn orthogonally on an n \Theta n grid with at most d 3n 2 e + 4, and if n ? 6 then every edge has at most two bends. -- Every 3-planar graph G can be drawn with at most b n 2 c + 1 bends on an b n 2 c \Theta b n 2 c grid. -- Every triconnected planar graph G can be drawn planar on an (2n \Gamma 6) \Theta (3n \Gamma 9) grid with minimum angle larger than 2 d radians and at most 5n \Gamma 15 bends, with d the maximum d...

This paper investigates the following question: Given an integer grid phi, where phi is a proper subset of the integer plane or a proper subset of the integer 3d space, which graphs admit straight-line crossingfree drawings with vertices located at the grid points of phi? We characterize the trees that can be drawn on a two dimensional c * n × k grid, where k and c are given integer constants, and on a two dimensional grid consisting of k parallel horizontal lines of infinite length. Motivated by the results on the plane we investigate restrictions of the integer grid in 3 dimensions and show that every outerplanar graph with n vertices can be drawn crossing-free with straight lines in linear volume on a grid called a prism. This prism consists of 3n integer grid points and is universal -- it supports all outerplanar graphs of n vertices. This is the first algorithm that computes crossing-free straight line 3d drawings in linear volume for a non-trivial family of planar graphs. We also show that there exist planar graphs that cannot be drawn on the prism and that extension to a n × 2 × 2 integer grid, called a box, does not admit the entire class of planar graphs.

We present a linear-time algorithm that, given an n-vertex planar graph G, finds an embedding of G into a (2n \Gamma 4) \Theta (n \Gamma 2) grid such that the edges of G are straight-line segments. 1 Introduction We consider the problem of embedding the vertices of a planar graph into a small grid in the plane in such a way that the edges are straight, non-intersecting line segments. The existence of such straight-line embeddings for planar graphs was independently discovered by F'ary [Fa48], Stein [St51], and Wagner [Wa36]; this result also follows from Steinitz's theorem on convex polytopes in three dimensions [SR34]. The first algorithms for constructing straightline embeddings [Tu63, CYN84, CON85] required high-precision arithmetic, and the resulting drawings were not very aesthetic, since they tend to produce uneven distributions of vertices over the drawing area. Rosenstiehl and Tarjan [RT86] noticed that it would be convenient to be able to map veritices of a planar graph into a...

Given a plane graph G, we wish to draw it in the plane in such a way that the vertices of G are represented as grid points, and the edges are represented as straight-line segments between their endpoints. An additional objective is to minimize the size of the resulting grid. It is known that each plane graph can be drawn in such a way in a (n \Gamma 2) \Theta (n \Gamma 2) grid (for n 3), and that no grid smaller than (2n=3 \Gamma 1) \Theta (2n=3 \Gamma 1) can be used for this purpose, if n is a multiple of 3. In fact, for all n 3, each dimension of the resulting grid needs to be at least b2(n \Gamma 1)=3c, even if the other one is allowed to be unbounded. In this paper we show that this bound is tight by presenting a grid drawing algorithm that produces drawings of width b2(n \Gamma 1)=3c. The height of the produced drawings is bounded by 4b2(n \Gamma 1)=3c \Gamma 1. Our algorithm runs in linear time and is easy to implement. 1 Introduction The problem of automatic graph drawing ha...

We provide O(n)-time algorithms for constructing the following types of drawings of n-vertex 3-connected planar graphs: ffl 2D convex grid drawings with (3n) × (3n/2) area under the edge L 1 -resolution rule; ffl 2D strictly convex grid drawings with O(n³) × O(n³) area under the edge resolution rule; ffl 2D strictly convex drawings with O(1) × O(n) area under the vertex-resolution rule, and with vertex coordinates represented by O(n log n)-bit rational numbers; ffl 3D convex drawings with O(1) × O(1) × O(n) volume under the vertex-resolution rule, and with vertex coordinates represented by O(n log n)-bit rational numbers. We also

We consider the problem of simultaneous embedding of planar graphs. There are two variants

. We present a linear time algorithm that constructs a planar polyline grid drawing of any plane graph with n vertices and maximum degree d on a (2n \Gamma 5) \Theta ( 3 2 n \Gamma 7 2 ) grid with at most 5n \Gamma 15 bends and minimum angle ? 2 d . In the constructed drawings, every edge has at most three bends and length O(n). To our best knowledge, this algorithm achieves the best simultaneous bounds concerning the grid size, angular resolution, and number of bends for planar grid drawings of high-degree planar graphs. Besides the nice theoretical features, the practical drawings are aesthetically very pleasing. An implementation of our algorithm is available with the AGD-Library (Algorithms for Graph Drawing) [2, 1]. Our algorithm is based on ideas by Kant for polyline grid drawings for triconnected plane graphs [23]. In particular, our algorithm significantly improves upon his bounds on the angular resolution and the grid size for non-triconnected plane graphs....

Every three-connected planar graph with n vertices has a drawing on an O(n7=3) \Theta O(n7=3) grid in which all faces are strictly convex polygons.

this paper first we review known two methods to find such drawings, then explain a hidden relation between them, and finally survey related results.

A graph drawing algorithm produces a layout of a graph in two- or three-dimensional space that should be readable and easy to understand. Since the aesthetic criteria differ from one application area to another, it is unlikely that a definition of the "optimal drawing" of a graph in a strict mathematical sense exists. A large number of graph drawing algorithms taking different aesthetic criteria into account have already been proposed. In this paper we describe the design and implementation of the AGD--Library, a library of Algorithms for Graph Drawing. The library offers a broad range of existing algorithms for two-dimensional graph drawing and tools for implementing new algorithms. The library is written in C++ using the LEDA platform for combinatorial and geometric computing ([16, 17]). The algorithms are implemented independently of the underlying visualization or graphics system by using a generic layout interface. Most graph drawing algorithms place a set of restriction...