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Obtuse Triangular Billiards II: 100 Degrees Worth of Periodic Trajectories

by Richard Evan Schwartz
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A proof of Culter’s theorem on the existence of periodic orbits in polygonal outer billiards

by Serge Tabachnikov , 2008
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...ether every polygon has a periodic billiard path. The best result so far is a theorem of R. Schwartz: every obtuse triangle with the obtuse angle not greater than 100 ◦ has a periodic trajectory, see =-=[9, 10, 11]-=-. Note also that both inner and outer polygonal billiards on the sphere S 2 may have no periodic trajectories at all, see [3]. It will be convenient to consider the second iteration T 2 of the outer b...

Recent advances in open billiards with some open problems

by Carl P. Dettmann - In Frontiers in , 2010
"... Much recent interest has focused on “open ” dynamical systems, in which a classical map or flow is considered only until the trajectory reaches a “hole”, at which the dynamics is no longer considered. Here we consider questions pertaining to the survival probability as a function of time, given an i ..."
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Much recent interest has focused on “open ” dynamical systems, in which a classical map or flow is considered only until the trajectory reaches a “hole”, at which the dynamics is no longer considered. Here we consider questions pertaining to the survival probability as a function of time, given an initial measure on phase space. We focus on the case of billiard dynamics, namely that of a point particle moving with constant velocity except for mirror-like reflections at the boundary, and give a number of recent results, physical applications and open problems. A mathematical billiard is a dynamical system in which a point particle moves with constant speed in a straight line in a compact domain D ⊂ Rd with a piecewise smootha boundary ∂D and making mirror-likeb reflections whenever it reaches the boundary. We can assume that the speed and mass

Open Problems in Dynamics and Related Fields

by Alexander Gorodnik
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Obtuse Triangular Billiards I: Near the (2,3,6) Triangle to appear

by Richard Evan Schwartz - in Journal of Experimental Mathematics; Preprint; http://www.math.brown.edu/∼res/papers.html
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Right-angled billiards and volumes of the moduli spaces of quadratic differentials

by Jayadev S. Athreya, Alex Eskin, Anton Zorich, Jon Chaika - on CP1, Preprint, 2012. ArXiv, math.DS/1212.1660
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...55 References 59 1. Introduction 1.1. Counting trajectories of right-angled billiards. Currently it is not known whether there exists a single closed billiard trajectory in every obtuse triangle (see =-=[S08]-=- for some progress in this direction and for further references). The situation with billiards in rational polygons (that is in polygons with angles which are rational multiples of π) is understood mu...

Splitting time for irrational triangle billiards

by Dmitri Scheglov , 2011
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...gorous computer-assisted proof that any triangle with angles less than 100 degrees has a periodic orbit. Let us also mention that for triangle with angles less than 90 degrees this fact is elementary.=-=[9]-=- Cipra, Hanson, Kolan proved that for a right triangle a almost any orbit, perpendicular to a side, returns perpendicular and so is periodic.[2] A.Katok proved that the complexity growth of orbits for...

Periodic Billiard Trajectories in Polyhedra

by Nicolas Bedaride
"... Abstract. We consider the billiard map inside a polyhedron. We give a condi-tion for the stability of the periodic trajectories. We apply this result to the case of the tetrahedron. We deduce the existence of an open set of tetrahedra which have a periodic orbit of length four (generalization of Fag ..."
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Abstract. We consider the billiard map inside a polyhedron. We give a condi-tion for the stability of the periodic trajectories. We apply this result to the case of the tetrahedron. We deduce the existence of an open set of tetrahedra which have a periodic orbit of length four (generalization of Fagnano’s orbit for triangles), moreover we can study completely the orbit of points along this coding. 1.
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...For the polygons some results are known. For example we know that there exists a periodic orbit in all rational polygons (the angles are rational multiples of pi), and recently Schwartz has proved in =-=[8]-=- the existence of a periodic billiard orbit in every obtuse triangle with angle less than 100 degrees . A good survey of what is known about periodic orbits can be found in the article [4] by Gal’peri...

PERIODIC BILLIARDS IN ISOSCELES TRIANGLES

by Alex Becker
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...eriodic trajectories, and whether generic polygonal billiards are ergodic. An account of the proven and conjectured properties of periodic trajectories can be found in Section 1 of Schwartz’s article =-=[9]-=-. Restricted cases have been shown to have periodic trajectories, including rational polygons as proven by Masur in [6], and triangles with maximal angles less than 100 degrees as proven by Schwartz i...

Recent advances in open billiards

by Carl P. Dettmann
"... Much recent interest has focused on “open ” dynamical systems, in which a classical map or flow is considered only until the trajectory reaches a “hole”, at which the dynamics is no longer considered. Here we consider questions pertaining to the survival probability as a function of time, given an i ..."
Abstract - Add to MetaCart
Much recent interest has focused on “open ” dynamical systems, in which a classical map or flow is considered only until the trajectory reaches a “hole”, at which the dynamics is no longer considered. Here we consider questions pertaining to the survival probability as a function of time, given an initial measure on phase space. We focus on the case of billiard dynamics, namely that of a point particle moving with constant velocity except for mirror-like reflections at the boundary, and give a number of recent results, physical applications and open problems. 1
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... is known about the case of irrational angles [43, 70], except that usual characteristics of chaoticity such as positive Lyapunov exponents are not possible here. We have the well known open question =-=[62]-=-: Open problem 5. Existence of periodic orbits: Do all triangular (or more generally polygonal) billiards contain at least one periodic orbit? Note that this admits arbitrary directions; it is easy to...

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