In this paper we present an extensive experimental study comparing four general-purpose graph drawing algorithms. The four algorithms take as input general graphs (with no restrictions whatsoever on connectivity, planarity, etc.) and construct orthogonal grid drawings, which are widely used in software and database visualization applications. The test data (available by anonymous ftp) are 11,582 graphs, ranging from 10 to 100 vertices, which have been generated from a core set of 112 graphs used in "real-life" software engineering and database applications. The experiments

We consider the problem of embedding the vertices of a plane graph into a small (polynomial size) grid in the plane in such a way that the edges are straight, non-intersecting line segments and faces are convex polygons. We present a linear-time algorithm which, given an n-vertex 3connected plane graph G (with n 3), finds such a straight-line convex embedding of G into a (n \Gamma 2) \Theta (n \Gamma 2) grid. 1 Introduction In this paper we consider the problem of aesthetic drawing of plane graphs, that is, planar graphs that are already embedded in the plane. What is exactly an aesthetic drawing is not precisely defined and, depending on the application, different criteria have been used. In this paper we concentrate on the two following criteria: (a) edges should be represented by straight-line segments, and (b) faces should be drawn as convex polygons. F'ary [6], Stein [14] and Wagner [18] showed, independently, that each planar graph can be drawn in the plane in such a way that ...

Given a plane graph G, we wish to draw it in the plane in such a way that the vertices of G are represented as grid points, and the edges are represented as straight-line segments between their endpoints. An additional objective is to minimize the size of the resulting grid. It is known that each plane graph can be drawn in such a way in a (n \Gamma 2) \Theta (n \Gamma 2) grid (for n 3), and that no grid smaller than (2n=3 \Gamma 1) \Theta (2n=3 \Gamma 1) can be used for this purpose, if n is a multiple of 3. In fact, for all n 3, each dimension of the resulting grid needs to be at least b2(n \Gamma 1)=3c, even if the other one is allowed to be unbounded. In this paper we show that this bound is tight by presenting a grid drawing algorithm that produces drawings of width b2(n \Gamma 1)=3c. The height of the produced drawings is bounded by 4b2(n \Gamma 1)=3c \Gamma 1. Our algorithm runs in linear time and is easy to implement. 1 Introduction The problem of automatic graph drawing ha...

We provide O(n)-time algorithms for constructing the following types of drawings of n-vertex 3-connected planar graphs: ffl 2D convex grid drawings with (3n) × (3n/2) area under the edge L 1 -resolution rule; ffl 2D strictly convex grid drawings with O(n³) × O(n³) area under the edge resolution rule; ffl 2D strictly convex drawings with O(1) × O(n) area under the vertex-resolution rule, and with vertex coordinates represented by O(n log n)-bit rational numbers; ffl 3D convex drawings with O(1) × O(1) × O(n) volume under the vertex-resolution rule, and with vertex coordinates represented by O(n log n)-bit rational numbers. We also

A upward plane drawing of a directed acyclic graph is a straight line drawing in the Euclidean plane such that all directed arcs point upwards. Thomassen [30] has given a non-algorithmic, graph-theoretic characterization of those directed graphs with a single source that admit an upward drawing. We present an efficient algorithm to test whether a given single-source acyclic digraph has a plane upward drawing and, if so, to find a representation of one such drawing. The algorithm decomposes the graph into biconnected and triconnected components, and defines conditions for merging the components into an upward drawing of the original graph. For the triconnected components we provide a linear algorithm to test whether a given plane representation admits an upward drawing with the same faces and outer face, which also gives a simpler (and algorithmic) proof of Thomassen's result. The entire testing algorithm (for general single source directed acyclic graphs) operates in O(n²) time and...

this paper first we review known two methods to find such drawings, then explain a hidden relation between them, and finally survey related results.

We describe a unified framework of aesthetic criteria and complexity measures for drawing planar graphs with polylines and curves. This framework includes several visual properties of such drawings, including aspect ratio, vertex resolution, edge length, edge separation, and edge curvature, as well as complexity measures such as vertex and edge representational complexity and the area of the drawing. In addition to this general framework, we present algorithms that operate within this framework. Specifically, we describe an algorithm for drawing any n-vertex planar graph in an O(n) O(n) grid using polylines that have at most two bends per edge and asymptotically-optimal worstcase angular resolution. More significantly, we show how to adapt this algorithm to draw any n-vertex planar graph using cubic Bézier curves, with all vertices and control points placed within an O(n) O(n) integer grid so that the curved edges achieve a curvilinear analogue of good angular resolution. Al...

Traditional representations of graphs and their duals suggest the requirement that the dual vertices should be placed inside their corresponding primal faces, and the edges of the dual graph should cross only their corresponding primal edges. We consider the problem of simultaneously embedding a planar graph and its dual on a small integer grid such that the edges are drawn as straight-line segments and the only crossings are between primal-dual pairs of edges. We provide an O(n) time algorithm that simultaneously embeds a 3-connected planar graph anditsdualona(2n-2) 2) integer grid, where n is the total number of vertices in the graph and its dual.

Abstract. We introduce and study orderly spanning trees of plane graphs. This algorithmic tool generalizes canonical orderings, which exist only for triconnected plane graphs. Although not every plane graph admits an orderly spanning tree, we provide an algorithm to compute an orderly pair for any connected planar graph G, consisting of an embedded planar graph H isomorphic to G, and an orderly spanning tree of H. We also present several applications of orderly spanning trees: (1) a new constructive proof for Schnyder’s realizer theorem, (2) the first algorithm for computing an area-optimal 2-visibility drawing of a planar graph, and (3) the most compact known encoding of a planar graph with O(1)-time query support. All algorithms in this paper run in linear time.

. We study Hamming versions of two classical clustering problems. The Hamming radius p-clustering problem (HRC) for a set S of k binary strings, each of length n, is to nd p binary strings of length n that minimize the maximum Hamming distance between a string in S and the closest of the p strings; this minimum value is termed the p-radius of S and is denoted by %: The related Hamming diameter p-clustering problem (HDC) is to split S into p groups so that the maximum of the Hamming group diameters is minimized; this latter value is called the p-diameter of S. First, we provide an integer programming formulation of HRC which yields exact solutions in polynomial time whenever k and p are constant. We also observe that HDC admits straightforward polynomialtime solutions when k = O(log n) or p = 2. Next, by reduction from the corresponding geometric p-clustering problems in the plane under the L1 metric, we show that neither HRC nor HDC can be approximated within any consta...