Abstract. Integer lattices have numerous important applications, but some of them may have been overlooked because of the common assumption that a lattice basis is part of the problem instance. This paper gives an application that requires finding a basis for a lattice defined in terms of linear constraints. We show how to find such a basis efficiently. 1.

First, a survey on optical scaling is carried out, both from the traditional point of view and from that of today’s digital typography. Then the special case of large characters, such as braces or integral signs, is considered. It is shown that such variable sized symbols should be computed at print time in order to approach the quality of metal typesetting. Finally, an implementation of such dynamic fonts, still in progress in the Grif editor, is described.

picture A specific language, called P language, is used to describe presentation rules for each type of element defined in the DTD. Interpretation of these presentation rules is based on the concept of abstract pictures [27]. When Grif has a document to print or to display in a DYNAMIC OPTICAL SCALING AND VARIABLE-SIZED CHARACTERS 245 Formula String "m = " Sum Lower_exp String "k = min(1,i)" Symbol " " Upper_exp String "n" Operand String "sin" Superscript "2" String "x" Subscript "k" Figure 13. Abstract picture corresponding to formula (1) window, it first builds an abstract picture which is a high-level description of that document image. This description is device-independent and allows the editor to update the image dynamically in a simple way. In a second step, it translates this abstract picture into the real image which is displayed on the screen or printed on paper sheets. The abstract picture is the interaction support between the application and the user...

: pto) Ce travail a ete partiellement finance dans le cadre du projet Didot, programme Comet de la CEE, numero Cb/90/367/Cb. Ces deux notes ont ete soumises aux Cahiers GUTenberg pour parution dans un numero special sur les ligatures (a paratre en 1995). : Irisa/Inria-Rennes, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes cedex -- jandre@irisa.fr : Stadt Mainz Gutenberg Museum, Postfach 3820, D--6500 Mainz 1, Allemagne Unite de recherche INRIA Rennes IRISA, Campus universitaire de Beaulieu, 35042 RENNES Cedex (France) Telephone : (33) 99 84 71 00 -- Telecopie : (33) 99 84 71 71 Ligatures, typography, and computer science Abstract: This report contains two papers on ligatures. First, the GUTENBERG's Bible is examined from a typographical point of view (both at the page level, with ROSAVIRO grid constants, and at the line level, where justification was made by using ligatures instead of today variable spaces). Second, ligatures are seen with the computer scientist point of view: character ex...

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Abstract—For many years, tools authoring for e-documents composition has been tailored for the English script’s needs. The localization of these tools to Arabic alphabet based writings is not an easy task, because of the great typographical and structural characteristic differences, and also because Arabic typography needs to process the text and analyze it contextually so that it can be typed according to the strict rules of Arabic calligraphy. Most typesetting tools seek to composite Arabic documents through adaptation of fonts capability to Latin based systems or by adaptation of the tools themselves to Arabic writing rules, and this is not an easy job due to the necessity of complex contextual analysis of Arabic writing and processing algorithms which differ from those in Latin based systems. The main purpose of this survey is to explore Arabic typography rules and to review the current Arabic typesetting systems. Such systems have been adapted to process special Arabic documents such as Scientific, Qur’anic and Multilingual documents. Research trends to date are summarized, and challenges confronting the development of high quality Arabic typography are identified. These challenges include the need for better algorithms for justification of Arabic text without relying on the Kashida, diacritical mark positioning and composition of dynamic fonts.

v prihodnje.

Since Javanese script is added into Unicode Standard in version 5.2 at October 2009, there are opportunities to many applications using Javanese Unicode standard. Javanese typeface (font) also already developed according to Unicode standard. The problem using Javanese Unicode standard is not easy to write Javanese in computer media. Transliterator program named JawaTeX can perform transliterate from Latin to Javanese script. The JawaTeX program produces several documents: parsing document, TeX document and post script document as final document that can be port into pdf document. Web based JawaTeX also developed to produce image based Javanese script embedded on HTML. JawaTeX can be modified to produce HTML format based on Javanese Unicode. The HTML file is constructed by numeric character reference (NCR) associate to Javanese Unicode standard. Having Javanese Unicode HTML document is more portable and flexible. Using Unicode typeface and JawaTeX capability and NCR this paper will introduce a concept to build Javanese transliterator having HTML based file as an output.