The Kleene-Kreisel density theorem is one of the tools used to investigate the denotational semantics of programs involving higher types. We give a brief introduction to the classical density theorem, then show how this may be generalized to set theoretical models for algorithms accepting real numbers as inputs and finally survey some recent applications of this generalization. 1

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We generalize the standard construction of realizability models (specifically, of categories of assemblies) to a very wide class of computability structures, broad enough to embrace models of computation such as labelled transition systems and process algebras. We also discuss a general notion of simulation between such computability structures, and show that such simulations correspond precisely to certain functors between the realizability models. Furthermore, we show that our class of computability structures has good closure properties — in particular, it is ‘cartesian closed ’ in a slightly relaxed sense. We also investigate some important subclasses of computability structures and of simulations between them. We suggest that our 2-category of computability structures and simulations may offer a framework for a general investigation of questions of computational power, abstraction and simulability for a wide range of computation models from across computer science.