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Selection, optimization, and compensation in the domain of emotion regulation: applications to adolescence, older age, and major depressive disorder
- Social and Personality Psychology Compass
, 2012
"... Emotions often are well calibrated to the challenges and opportunities we face. When they are not, we may try to regulate our emotions. Interestingly, there seems to be considerable variation both in the strategies people use to regulate emotions and in the success of these emotion regulation effort ..."
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Emotions often are well calibrated to the challenges and opportunities we face. When they are not, we may try to regulate our emotions. Interestingly, there seems to be considerable variation both in the strategies people use to regulate emotions and in the success of these emotion regulation efforts. The Selection, Optimization, and Compensation with Emotion Regulation framework suggests that variation in the resources required for particular emotion regulation strategies may be a crucial determinant of emotion regulation use and success within individuals across situations, between individuals, and between groups of individuals. In this review, we consider the ways in which two resources for emotion regulation (working memory and social support) might differ among three groups, namely adolescents, older adults, and adults with major depressive disorder. We link these between-group differences in resources to differences in emotion regulation and make suggestions for future research. You’ve worked hard all day trying to finish a big project on time. Your eyes hurt from staring at the computer screen. Your head is pounding. Unfortunately, you submitted the project hours late, and it does not meet your personal standards. On your drive home,
Corballis, “Age-related differences in event-related potentials for early visual processing of emotional faces
- Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience
, 2014
"... D ow nloaded from With advancing age, processing resources are shifted away from negative emotional stimuli and towards positiveones.Here we explored this “positivity effect ” using event-related potentials (ERPs).Participants identified the presence or absence of a visual probe that appeared over p ..."
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Cited by 2 (0 self)
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D ow nloaded from With advancing age, processing resources are shifted away from negative emotional stimuli and towards positiveones.Here we explored this “positivity effect ” using event-related potentials (ERPs).Participants identified the presence or absence of a visual probe that appeared over photographs of emotional faces. The ERPs elicited by the onsets of angry, sad, happy, and neutral faces were recorded. We examined the frontocentralemotional positivity(FcEP),whichis defined as a positive deflection in the waveforms elicited by emotional expressions relative to neutral faces early on in the time-course of the visually-evoked potential. The FcEPis thought to reflect enhanced early processing of emotional expressions.The results show that within the first 130 ms young adults show anFcEP to negative emotional expressions, whereas older adults show anFcEP to positive emotional expressions.These findings provide additional evidence that the age-related positivity effect in emotion processing can be traced to automatic processes that are evident very early in the processing of emotional facial expressions.
ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES Issue: The Year in Cognitive Neuroscience The emotion paradox in the aging brain
"... This paper reviews age differences in emotion processing and how they may relate to age-related changes in the brain. Compared with younger adults, older adults react less to negative situations, ignore irrelevant negative stimuli better, and remember relatively more positive than negative informati ..."
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This paper reviews age differences in emotion processing and how they may relate to age-related changes in the brain. Compared with younger adults, older adults react less to negative situations, ignore irrelevant negative stimuli better, and remember relatively more positive than negative information. Older adults ’ ability to insulate their thoughts and emotional reactions from negative situations is likely due to a number of factors, such as being less influenced by interoceptive cues, selecting different emotion regulation strategies, having less age-related decline in prefrontal regions associated with emotional control than in other prefrontal regions, and engaging in emotion regulation strategies as a default mode in their everyday lives. Healthy older adults ’ avoidance of processing negative stimuli may contribute to their well-maintained emotional well-being. However, when cardiovascular disease leads to additional prefrontal white matter damage, older adults have fewer cognitive control mechanisms available to regulate their emotions, making them more vulnerable to depression. In general, although age-related changes in the brain help shape emotional experience, shifts in preferred strategies and goal priorities are also important influences.
Neural correlates of emotion cognition interactions: A review of evidence from brain imaging investigations
"... Complex dynamic behaviour involves reciprocal influences between emotion and cognition. On the one hand, emotion is a ‘‘double-edged sword’ ’ that may affect various aspects of our cognition and behaviour, by enhancing or hindering them and exerting both transient and long-term influences. On the ot ..."
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Complex dynamic behaviour involves reciprocal influences between emotion and cognition. On the one hand, emotion is a ‘‘double-edged sword’ ’ that may affect various aspects of our cognition and behaviour, by enhancing or hindering them and exerting both transient and long-term influences. On the other hand, emotion processing is also susceptible to cognitive influences, typically exerted in the form of emotion regulation. Noteworthy, both of these reciprocal influences are subjective to individual differences that may affect the way we perceive, experience, and eventually remember emotional experiences, or respond to emotionally challenging situations. Understanding these relationships is critical, as unbalanced emotion cognition interactions may lead to devastating effects, such as those observed in mood and anxiety disorders. The present review analyses the reciprocal relationships between emotion and cognition, based on evidence derived from brain imaging investigations focusing on three main topics: (1) the impact of emotion on cognition, (2) the impact of cognition on emotion, and (3) the role of individual differences in emotion cognition interactions. This evidence will be discussed in the context of identifying aspects that are fundamental to understanding the mechanisms underlying emotion cognition interactions in healthy functioning, and to understanding changes associated with affective disorders. Keywords: Affective cognitive interactions; Amygdala; Event-related potentials; Functional magnetic
Neurocognitive mechanisms of fear conditioning and vulnerability to anxiety
, 2011
"... A commentary on Fear-conditioning mechanisms associated with trait vulnerability to anxiety in humans ..."
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A commentary on Fear-conditioning mechanisms associated with trait vulnerability to anxiety in humans
Journal of Cognitive Psychology
"... Neural correlates of emotion–cognition interactions: A review of evidence from brain imaging investigations ..."
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Neural correlates of emotion–cognition interactions: A review of evidence from brain imaging investigations
BRIEF REPORT Double Dissociation: Circadian Off-Peak Times Increase Emotional Reactivity; Aging Impairs Emotion Regulation Via Reappraisal
"... This study explored how the effectiveness of specific emotion regulation strategies might be influenced by aging and by time of day, given that in older age the circadian peak in cognitive performance is earlier in the day. We compared the benefit gained by 40 older (60–78 years; 20 women) and 40 yo ..."
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This study explored how the effectiveness of specific emotion regulation strategies might be influenced by aging and by time of day, given that in older age the circadian peak in cognitive performance is earlier in the day. We compared the benefit gained by 40 older (60–78 years; 20 women) and 40 younger (18–30 years; 20 women) adults during either on-peak or off-peak circadian times on 2 specific types of cognitive emotion regulation strategies: distraction and reappraisal. Participants rated their negative emotional responses to negative and neutral images under 3 conditions: a baseline nonregulation condition, a distraction condition involving a working memory task, and a reappraisal condition that involved reinterpreting the situation displayed using specific preselected strategies. First, as hypothesized, there was a crossover interaction such that participants in each age group reported more negative reactivity at their off-peak time of day. Second, a double dissociation was observed as circadian rhythms affected only negative reactivity—with reactivity highest at off-peak times—and aging diminished reappraisal but not distraction ability or reactivity. These findings add to growing evidence that understanding the effects of aging on emotion and emotion regulation depends on taking both time of day and type of regulatory strategy into account.
Frontiers in Psychology
, 2014
"... Specialty section: This article was submitted to Cognition, a section of the journal ..."
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Specialty section: This article was submitted to Cognition, a section of the journal
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"... rsity ldorf a r t i c l e i n f o Article history: ically, regulation of an he generation process d into antecedent and. Antecedent focused ..."
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rsity ldorf a r t i c l e i n f o Article history: ically, regulation of an he generation process d into antecedent and. Antecedent focused
NEUROTRANSMITTER SYSTEMS IN AGING Prefrontal Cortex
"... To be published in volume 67 of the Annual Review of Psychology running title: Affective Neuroscience of Aging ..."
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To be published in volume 67 of the Annual Review of Psychology running title: Affective Neuroscience of Aging
