Results 1 - 10
of
43
The jackknife—a review.
- Biometrika
, 1974
"... The Light Beyond, By Raymond A. Moody, Jr. with Paul Perry. New York, NY: Bantam Books, 1988, 161 pp., $18.95 In his foreword to this book, Andrew Greeley, a prominent priest and sociologist, introduces his comments with the following statement: "Raymond Moody has achieved a rare feat in th ..."
Abstract
-
Cited by 104 (0 self)
- Add to MetaCart
(Show Context)
The Light Beyond, By Raymond A. Moody, Jr. with Paul Perry. New York, NY: Bantam Books, 1988, 161 pp., $18.95 In his foreword to this book, Andrew Greeley, a prominent priest and sociologist, introduces his comments with the following statement: "Raymond Moody has achieved a rare feat in the quest for human knowledge; he has created a paradigm." He then refers to Thomas Kuhn, who pointed out in The Structure of Scientific Revolutions that scientific revolutions occur when someone creates a new perspective, a new model, a new approach to reality. Although Greeley acknowledges that Moody did not discover the near-death experience (NDE), he contends that because Moody put a name to it in his previous bestseller Life After Life (1975), he therefore deserves credit for the new para digm that has evolved. Greeley then refers to The Light Beyond as characterized by Moody's "openness, sensitivity and modesty." This he attributes to Moody's acknowledgement that the NDE does not repre sent proof of life after death; rather, it indicates only the existence and widespread prevalence of the NDE. I must question why Greeley does not comment more on the content of the book, and why Moody felt it was appropriate to be credited with creating a new paradigm. During the last fourteen years since Life
A context maintenance and retrieval model of organizational processes in free recall
, 2008
"... ..."
(Show Context)
Human memory reconsolidation can be explained using the temporal context model
- Psychonomic Bulletin & Review
, 2011
"... 2009) suggests that episodic memory for a previously studied list can be updated to include new items, if participants are reminded of the earlier list just prior to learning a new list. The key finding from the Hupbach studies was an asymmetric pattern of intrusions, whereby participants intruded n ..."
Abstract
-
Cited by 9 (1 self)
- Add to MetaCart
(Show Context)
2009) suggests that episodic memory for a previously studied list can be updated to include new items, if participants are reminded of the earlier list just prior to learning a new list. The key finding from the Hupbach studies was an asymmetric pattern of intrusions, whereby participants intruded numerous items from the second list when trying to recall the first list, but not viceversa. Hupbach et al. (2007; 2009) explained this pattern in terms of a cellular reconsolidation process, whereby first-list memory is rendered labile by the reminder and the labile memory is then updated to include items from the second list. Here, we show that the temporal context model of memory, which lacks a cellular reconsolidation process, can account for the asymmetric intrusion effect, using well-established principles of contextual reinstatement and item– context binding.
Semantic cuing and the scale insensitivity of recency and contiguity
, 2011
"... In recalling a set of previously experienced events, people exhibit striking effects of recency, contiguity, and similarity: Recent items tend to be recalled best and first, and items that were studied in neighboring positions or that are similar to one another in some other way tend to evoke one an ..."
Abstract
-
Cited by 5 (3 self)
- Add to MetaCart
(Show Context)
In recalling a set of previously experienced events, people exhibit striking effects of recency, contiguity, and similarity: Recent items tend to be recalled best and first, and items that were studied in neighboring positions or that are similar to one another in some other way tend to evoke one another during recall. Effects of recency and contiguity have most often been investigated in tasks that require people to recall random word lists. Similarity effects have most often been studied in tasks that require people to recall categorized word lists. Here we examine recency and contiguity effects in lists composed of items drawn from 3 distinct taxonomic categories and in which items from a given category are temporally separated from one another by items from other categories, all of which are tested for recall. We find evidence for long-term recency and for long-range contiguity, bolstering support for temporally sensitive models of memory and highlighting the importance of understanding the interaction between temporal and semantic information during memory search.
The Contributions of Primary and Secondary Memory to Working Memory Capacity: An Individual Differences Analysis of Immediate Free Recall
"... The present study tested the dual-component model of working memory capacity (WMC) by examining estimates of primary memory and secondary memory from an immediate free recall task. Participants completed multiple measures of WMC and general intellectual ability as well as multiple trials of an immed ..."
Abstract
-
Cited by 3 (0 self)
- Add to MetaCart
(Show Context)
The present study tested the dual-component model of working memory capacity (WMC) by examining estimates of primary memory and secondary memory from an immediate free recall task. Participants completed multiple measures of WMC and general intellectual ability as well as multiple trials of an immediate free recall task. It was demonstrated that there are 2 sources of variance (primary memory and secondary memory) in immediate free recall and that, further, these 2 sources of variance accounted for independent variation in WMC. Together, these results are consistent with a dual-component model of WMC reflecting individual differences in maintenance in primary memory and in retrieval from secondary memory. Theoretical implications for working memory and dual-component models of free recall are discussed.
Factors that influence search termination decision in free recall: An examination of response type and confidence
- Acta Psychologica
, 2011
"... ..."
(Show Context)
A Bayesian Analysis of Dynamics in Free Recall
"... We develop a probabilistic model of human memory performance in free recall experiments. In these experiments, a subject first studies a list of words and then tries to recall them. To model these data, we draw on both previous psychological research and statistical topic models of text documents. W ..."
Abstract
-
Cited by 2 (1 self)
- Add to MetaCart
(Show Context)
We develop a probabilistic model of human memory performance in free recall experiments. In these experiments, a subject first studies a list of words and then tries to recall them. To model these data, we draw on both previous psychological research and statistical topic models of text documents. We assume that memories are formed by assimilating the semantic meaning of studied words (represented as a distribution over topics) into a slowly changing latent context (represented in the same space). During recall, this context is reinstated and used as a cue for retrieving studied words. By conceptualizing memory retrieval as a dynamic latent variable model, we are able to use Bayesian inference to represent uncertainty and reason about the cognitive processes underlying memory. We present a particle filter algorithm for performing approximate posterior inference, and evaluate our model on the prediction of recalled words in experimental data. By specifying the model hierarchically, we are also able to capture inter-subject variability. 1
Working memory and fluid intelligence: A multimechanism view
- In
, 2011
"... “We want to understand intelligence, not only map its network of correlations with other constructs. This means to reveal the functional – and ultimately, the neural – mechanisms underlying intelligent information processing. Among the theoretical constructs within current theories of information pr ..."
Abstract
-
Cited by 2 (0 self)
- Add to MetaCart
(Show Context)
“We want to understand intelligence, not only map its network of correlations with other constructs. This means to reveal the functional – and ultimately, the neural – mechanisms underlying intelligent information processing. Among the theoretical constructs within current theories of information processing, [working memory capacity] WMC is the one parameter that correlates best with measures of reasoning ability, and even with gf and g. Therefore, investigating WMC, and its relationship with intelligence, is psychology’s best hope to date to understand intelligence. ” – Oberauer, Schulze, Wilhelm, & Süß (2005) Working memory (WM) is a construct developed by cognitive psychologists to characterize and help further investigate how human beings maintain access to goal-relevant information in the face of concurrent processing and/or distraction. For example, suppose you are fixing a cocktail for your spouse, who has just arrived home from work. You need to remember that for the perfect Manhattan, you need 2 ounces of bourbon, 1 ounce of sweet vermouth, a dash of bitters and a splash of maraschino cherry juice, and at the same time you need to listen to your spouse tell you about his or her day. WM is required to remember the ingredients without repeatedly consulting the recipe and to process the incoming information to
Positional and temporal clustering in serial order memory
"... The well-known finding that errors in serial recall tend to be clustered around the position of the target item has bolstered positional-coding theories of serial order memory. Here we show that this well-known effect is confounded with the tendency for the item recalled prior to an error to come fr ..."
Abstract
-
Cited by 2 (0 self)
- Add to MetaCart
(Show Context)
The well-known finding that errors in serial recall tend to be clustered around the position of the target item has bolstered positional-coding theories of serial order memory. Here we show that this well-known effect is confounded with the tendency for the item recalled prior to an error to come from the correct list position. When the standard analysis of positional clustering is conditioned on the positional-accuracy of the previously recalled item, one can see very strong effects of temporal contiguity, with errors being distributed near the position of the item following the prior recall. We show that a simple associative chaining model with asymmetric neighboring, remote associations, and a primacy gradient can account for both the standard positional clustering effect and the contiguity effect demonstrated here. Using the same parameters, the model produces reasonable serial position curves and captures the change in these curves across study-test trials as well as the gains and losses of item and order information across trials. Keywords: Serial recall, serial order, association, clustering. Associative chaining and positional coding consistute the two classic models of serial order memory. Although as-sociative chaining was the implicit theory in Ebbinghaus’
Reviewed by:
, 2011
"... doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00048 Relevance of spectral cues for auditory spatial processing in the occipital cortex of the blind ..."
Abstract
-
Cited by 1 (0 self)
- Add to MetaCart
(Show Context)
doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00048 Relevance of spectral cues for auditory spatial processing in the occipital cortex of the blind
