The dichotomy between endophysical/intrinsic and exophysical/extrinsic perception concerns the question of how a model - mathematical, logical, computational - universe is perceived from inside or from outside, [71, 65, 66, 59, 60, 68, 67]. This distinction goes back in time at least to Archimedes, reported to have asked for a point outside the world from which one could move the earth. An exophysical perception is realized when the system is laid out and the experimenter peeps at the relevant features without changing the system. The information flows on a one-way road: from the system to the experimenter. An endophysical perception can be realized when the experimenter is part of the system under observation. In such a case one has a two-way informational flow; measurements and entities measured are interchangeable and any attempt to distinguish between them ends up as a convention. The general conception dominating the sciences is that the physical universe is perceivable ...

We investigate the orthoalgebras of certain non-Boolean models which have a classical realization. Our particular concern will be the partition logics arising from the investigation of the empirical propositional structure of Moore and Mealy type automata. 1

Finite automata have been recently used as alternative, discrete models in theoretical physics, especially in problems related to the dichotomy between endophysical/intrinsic and exophysical/extrinsic perception (see, for instance [15, 18, 16, 7, 17, 4]). These studies deal with Moore experiments; the main result states that it is impossible to determine the initial state of an automaton, and, consequently, a discrete model of Heisenberg uncertainty has been suggested. For this aim the classical theory of finite automata - which considers automata with initial states - is not adequate, and a new approach is necessary. A study of finite deterministic automata without initial states is exactly the aim of this paper. We will define and investigate the complexity of various types of simulations between automata. Minimal automata will be constructed and proven to be unique up to an isomorphism. We will build our results on an extension of Myhill--Nerode technique; all constructions will make...

Suspicions that the world might be some sort ofa machine or algorithm existing ‘‘in the mind’ ’ ofsome symbolic number cruncher have lingered from antiquity. Although popular at times, the most radical forms of this idea never reached mainstream. Modern developments in physics and computer science have lent support to the thesis, but empirical evidence is needed before it can begin to replace our contemporary world view.

Abstract: We construct a minimal automaton for an output-incomplete Moore automaton. The approach is motivated by physical interpretation of seeing deterministic nite automata as models for elementary particles. When compared to some classical methods our minimal automaton is unique up to an isomorphism and preserves also the unde ned or unspeci ed behaviour of the original automaton.

Finite automata (with outputs but no initial states) have been extensively used as models of computational complementarity, a property which mimics the physical complementarity. All this work was focussed on "frames", i.e., on fixed, static, local descriptions of the system behaviour. In this paper we are mainly interested in the asymptotical description of complementarity.To this aim we will study the asymptotical behaviour of two complementarity principles by associating to every incomplete deterministic automaton (with outputs, but no initial state) certain sofic shifts: automata having the same behaviour correspond to a unique sofic shift. In this way, a class of sofic shifts reflecting complementarity will be introduced and studied. We will prove that there is a strong relation between "local complementarity", as it is perceived at the level of "frames", and "asymptotical complementarity" as it is described by the sofic shift.

We develop an automatic-theoretic analysis of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen conundrum on the basis of two simple devices introduced by Mermin [10, 11].

Time and again, man's understanding of Nature is at the crossroad between total world-comprehension and total randomness. It is suggested that not only are the preferences influenced by the theories and models of today, but also by the very personal subjective inclinations of the people involved. The second part deals with the principle of self-consistency and its consequences for totally deterministic systems.

Motivated by recent applications of finite automata to theoretical physics, we study the minimization problem for nondeterministic automata (with outputs, but no initial states). We use Ehrenfeucht–Fraïsse-like games to model automata responses and simulations. The minimal automaton is constructed and, in contrast with the classical case, proved to be unique up to an isomorphism. Finally, we investigate the partial ordering induced by automata simulations. For example, we prove that, with respect to this ordering, the class of deterministic automata forms an ideal in the class of all automata.

A framework for the mind-matter problem in a holistic universe which has no parts is outlined. The conceptual structure of modern quantum theory suggests to use complementary Boolean descriptions as elements for a more comprehensive non-Boolean description of a world without an apriorigiven mind-matter distinction. Such a description in terms of a locally Boolean but globally non-Boolean structure makes allowance for the fact that Boolean descriptions play a privileged role in science. If we accept the insight that there are no ultimate building blocks, the existence of holistic correlations between contextually chosen parts is a natural consequence. The main problem of a genuinely non-Boolean description is to find an appropriate partition of the universe of discourse. If we adopt the idea that all fundamental laws of physics are invariant under time translations, then we can consider a partition of the world into a tenseless and a tensed domain. In the sense of a regulative principle, the material domain is defined as the tenseless domain with its homogeneous time. The tensed domain contains the mental domain with a tensed time characterized by a privileged position, the Now. Since this partition refers to two complementary descriptions which are not given apriori,wehavetoexpectcorrelations between these two domains. In physics it corresponds to Newton’s separation of universal laws of nature and contingent initial conditions. Both descriptions have a non-Boolean structure and can be encompassed into a single non-Boolean description. Tensed and tenseless time can be synchronized by holistic correlations. 1.