In this paper, we prove that there exists a schedule for routing any set of packets with edge-simple paths, on any network, in O(c+d) steps, where c is the congestion of the paths in the network, and d is the length of the longest path. The result has applications to packet routing in parallel machines, network emulations, and job-shop scheduling.

Chernoff--Hoeffding bounds are fundamental tools used in bounding the tail probabilities of the sums of bounded and independent random variables. We present a simple technique which gives slightly better bounds than these, and which more importantly requires only limited independence among the random variables, thereby importing a variety of standard results to the case of limited independence for free. Additional methods are also presented, and the aggregate results are sharp and provide a better understanding of the proof techniques behind these bounds. They also yield improved bounds for various tail probability distributions and enable improved approximation algorithms for jobshop scheduling. The "limited independence" result implies that a reduced amount of randomness and weaker sources of randomness are sufficient for randomized algorithms whose analyses use the Chernoff--Hoeffding bounds, e.g., the analysis of randomized algorithms for random sampling and oblivious packet routi...

This paper presents a general paradigm for the design of packet routing algorithms for fixed-connection networks. Its basis is a randomized on-line algorithm for scheduling any set of N packets whose paths have congestion c on any bounded-degree leveled network with depth L in O(c + L + log N) steps, using constant-size queues. In this paradigm, the design of a routing algorithm is broken into three parts: (1) showing that the underlying network can emulate a leveled network, (2) designing a path selection strategy for the leveled network, and (3) applying the scheduling algorithm. This strategy yields randomized algorithms for routing and sorting in time proportional to the diameter for meshes, butterflies, shuffle-exchange graphs, multidimensional arrays, and hypercubes. It also leads to the construction of an area-universal network: an N-node network with area Θ(N) that can simulate any other network of area O(N) with slowdown O(log N).

In the job shop scheduling problem we are given m machines and n jobs; a job consists of a sequence of operations, each of which must be processed on a specified machine; the objective is to complete all jobs as quickly as possible. This problem is strongly NP-hard even for very restrictive special cases. We give the first randomized and deterministic polynomial-time algorithms that yield polylogarithmic approximations to the optimal length schedule. Our algorithms also extend to the more general case where a job is given not by a linear ordering of the machines on which it must be processed but by an arbitrary partial order. Comparable bounds can also be obtained when there are m 0 types of machines, a specified number of machines of each type, and each operation must be processed on one of the machines of a specified type, as well as for the problem of scheduling unrelated parallel machines subject to chain precedence constraints. Key Words: scheduling, approximation algorithms AM...

The Connection Machine Model CM-5 Supercomputer is a massively parallel computer system designed to offer performance in the range of 1 teraflops (10 12 floating-point operations per second). The CM-5 obtains its high performance while offering ease of programming, flexibility, and reliability. The machine contains three communication networks: a data network, a control network, and a diagnostic network. This paper describes the organization of these three networks and how they contribute to the design goals of the CM-5. 1 Introduction In the design of a parallel computer, the engineering principle of economy of mechanism suggests that the machine should employ only a single communication network to convey information among the processors in the system. Indeed, many parallel computers contain only a single network: typically, a hypercube or a mesh. The Connection Machine Model CM-5 Supercomputer has three networks, however, and none is a hypercube or a mesh. This paper describes the...

Abstract. In this paper, we study the problem of emulating T G steps of an N G-node guest network, G, on an N H-node host network, H. We call an emulation work-preserving if the time required by the host, T H,isO(T GN G/N H), because then both the guest and host networks perform the same total work (i.e., processor-time product), �(T GN G), to within a constant factor. We say that an emulation occurs in real-time if T H � O(T G), because then the host emulates the guest with constant slowdown. In addition to describing several work-preserving and real-time emulations, we also provide a general model in which lower bounds can be proved. Some of the more interesting and diverse consequences of this work include: (1) a proof that a linear array can emulate a (much larger) butterfly in a work-preserving fashion, but that a butterfly cannot emulate an expander (of any size) in a work-preserving fashion, (2) a proof that a butterfly can emulate a shuffle-exchange network in a real-time work-preserving fashion, and vice versa, (3) a proof that a butterfly can emulate a mesh (or an array of higher, but fixed, dimension) in a real-time work-preserving fashion, even though any O(1)-to-1 embedding of an N-node mesh in an N-node butterfly has dilation �(log N), and

In this paper, we analyze the ability of several bounded-degree networks that are commonly used for parallel computation to tolerate faults. Among other things, we show that an N-node butterfly containing N 1\Gammaffl worst-case faults (for any constant ffl ? 0) can emulate a fault-free butterfly of the same size with only constant slowdown. Similar results are proved for the shuffleexchange graph. Hence, these networks become the first connected boundeddegree networks known to be able to sustain more than a constant number of worst-case faults without suffering more than a constant-factor slowdown in performance. We also show that an N-node butterfly whose nodes fail with some constant probability p can emulate a fault-free version of itself with a slowdown of 2 O(log N) , which is a very slowly increasing function of N . The proofs of these results combine the technique of redundant computation with new algorithms for (packet) routing around faults in hypercubic networks. Tech...

The work is motivated by deadlock resolution and resource allocation problems, occurring in distributed server-client architectures. We consider a very general setting which includes, as special cases, distributed bandwidth management in communication networks, as well as variations of classical problems in distributed computing and communication networking such as deadlock resolution and "dining philosophers". In the current paper, we exhibit first local solutions with globally-optimum performance guarantees. An application of our method is distributed bandwidth management in communication networks. In this setting, deadlock resolution (and maximum fractional independent set) corresponds to admission control maximizing network throughput. Job scheduling (and minimum fractional coloring) corresponds to route selection that minimizes load. 1 Introduction 1.1 Informal problem statement Motivation. The work is motivated by deadlock resolution and resource allocation problems, in distrib...

In this paper, we describe an O(log N)-bit-step randomized algorithm for bit-serial message routing on a hypercube. The result is asymptotically optimal, and improves upon the best previously known algorithms by a logarithmic factor. The result also solves the problem of on-line circuit switching in an O(1)-dilated hypercube (i.e., the problem of establishing edge-disjoint paths between the nodes of the dilated hypercube for any one-to-one mapping). Our algorithm is adaptive and we show that this is necessary to achieve the logarithmic speedup. We generalize the Borodin-Hopcroft lower bound on oblivious routing by proving that any randomized oblivious algorithm on a polylogarithmic degree network requires at least \Omega\Gammaast 2 N= log log N) bit steps with high probability for almost all permutations. 1 Introduction Substantial effort has been devoted to the study of store-and-forward packet routing algorithms for hypercubic networks. The fastest algorithms are randomized, and c...

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