Recent advances in programming environments have focused on improving programmer productivity by utilizing the inherent structure in computer programs. However, because these environments represent code as plain text, it is difficult and sometimes impossible to embed interactive tools, annotations, and alternative views in the code itself. Barista is an implementation framework that enables the creation of such user interfaces by simplifying the implementation of editors that represent code internally as an abstract syntax tree and maintain a corresponding, fully structured visual representation on-screen. Barista also provides designers of editors with a standard text-editing interaction technique that closely mimics that of conventional text editors, overcoming a central usability issue of previous structured code editors.

Direct-manipulation editors for structured data are increasingly common. While such editors can greatly simplify the creation of structured data, there are few tools to simplify the creation of the editors themselves. This paper presents Citrus, a new programming language and user interface toolkit designed for this purpose. Citrus offers language-level support for constraints, restrictions and change notifications on primitive and aggregate data, mechanisms for automatically creating, removing, and reusing views as data changes, a library of widgets, layouts and behaviors for defining interactive views, and two comprehensive interactive editors as an interface to the language and toolkit itself. Together, these features support the creation of editors for a large class of data and code.

Systematic large-scale modification of source code is tedious and error-prone, because developers use authoring and editing tools poorly suited to the program maintenance task. We combine the results from psychology of programming, software visualization, program analysis, and program transformation fields to create a novel environment that lets the programmers express operations on program source code at a level above text-oriented editing.

Manual large-scale modification or generation of source code can be tedious and error-prone. Integrating scriptable source-tosource program transformations into development environments will assist developers with this overwhelming task. We discuss various usability issues of bringing such ad-hoc transformations to end-users and describe a developer-oriented interactive source code transformation tool for Java that we are building.

Implementing large and sweeping changes to software source code can be tedious and error-prone. A conceptually simple change may require a significant code editing effort. Integrating scriptable source-to-source program transformations into development environments can assist developers with this task. We present a developer-oriented interactive source code transformation tool for Java that addresses this need.

Programming environments can create frustrating barriers for the growing numbers of software developers that suffer from repetitive strain injuries (RSI) and related disabilities that make typing difficult or impossible. Not only is the software development process comprised of fairly text-intensive activities like program composition, editing and navigation, but the tools

Abstract. We describe a data structure which enables a semantic programming language editor to present a conventional text editing interface to users, yet can be viewed as abstract syntax, while working on incomplete and/or incorrect programs. It reduces the chronically high storage consumption of tree representations. It maintains non-syntactic formatting information, e.g. comments and blank lines. It also is capable of representing arbitrary unparsable or unparsed text. It internally represents syntactically illegal text in syntax-corrected form, but nonetheless displays what the user typed. An editor providing semantic editing functions but presenting the user with a text editing interface is the motivation for the work. Introduction and motivation Over a decade ago, there was widespread research activity in syntax-directed editors for programming languages. This activity has shrunk greatly, in large part because such editors present to their user, an interface which is very hard to use. They require that the program code being edited be continuously syntactically correct. Unfortunately, any

Marat Boshernitsan (maratb@cs.berkeley.edu) Research Area Interactive language-aware software engineering tools.

Generative tools for programming language support have a long history. Tools for interactive language-aware software development are central to the HARMONIA object-oriented framework. However, the generative aspects of HARMONIA are implemented in an ad hoc fashion. This paper explains how systematic generative programming could be used to improve the implementation of HARMONIA and similar systems.

INTRODUCTION Dans le domaine de la tlmdecine, on distingue plusieurs types d'utilisateurs (mdecins, infirmiers, kinsithrapeutes...) et plusieurs cas d'utilisation des systmes d'information mdicaux (consultation de radios, saisie de mesures...). Ce problme oblige les concepteurs de ces systmes crer beaucoup d'interfaces de visualisation impliquant un temps de dveloppement trs important. La littrature prouve que les interfaces graphiques ncessitent 50 % du temps de dveloppement des applications et qu'elles constituent 48 % de la quantit de code totale du systme d'information [1]. Nous avons apport une premire solution ce problme par la conception et la ralisation d'un outil de gnration d'interfaces graphiques bas sur un modle XML gnrique. Nous avons mis en oeuvre les diffrents composants de l'interface et les requtes ncessaires pour son interaction avec les bases de donnes. Ce travail s'inscrit dans le cadre du projet SICOM (Systme d'Information COmmunicant pour la Mdecine) financ