Since the first papers on asymptotic waveform evaluation (AWE), Padé-based reduced-order models have become standard for improving coupled circuit-interconnect simulation efficiency. Such models can be accurately computed using bi-orthogonalization algorithms like Padé via Lanczos (PVL), but the resulting Padé approximates can still be unstable even when generatedfrom stable RLC circuits. For certain classes of RC circuits it has been shown that congruence transforms, like the Arnoldi algorithm, can generate guaranteed stable and passive reduced-order models. In this paper we present a computationally efficient model-order reduction technique, the coordinate-transformed Arnoldi algorithm, and show that this method generates arbitrarily accurate and guaranteed stable reduced-order models for RLC circuits. Examples are presented which demonstrates the enhanced stability and efficiency of the new method.

Reduced-order modeling techniques are now commonly used to efficiently simulate circuits combined with interconnect, but generating reduced-order models from realistic 3-D structures has received less attention. In this paper we describe a Krylov-subspace based method for deriving reduced-order models directly from the 3-D magnetoquasistatic analysis program FastHenry. This new approach is no more expensive than computing an impedance matrix at a single frequency.

In recent years, reduced-order modeling techniques based on Krylov-subspace iterations, especially the Lanczos algorithm and the Arnoldi process, have become popular tools to tackle the large-scale time-invariant linear dynamical systems that arise in the simulation of electronic circuits. This paper reviews the main ideas of reduced-order modeling techniques based on Krylov subspaces and describes the use of reduced-order modeling in circuit simulation. 1 Introduction Krylov-subspace methods, most notably the Lanczos algorithm [81, 82] and the Arnoldi process [5], have long been recognized as powerful tools for large-scale matrix computations. Matrices that occur in large-scale computations usually have some special structures that allow to compute matrix-vector products with such a matrix (or its transpose) much more efficiently than for a dense, unstructured matrix. The most common structure is sparsity, i.e., only few of the matrix entries are nonzero. Computing a matrix-vector pr...

Means of applying Krylov subspace techniques for adaptively extracting accurate reducedorder models of large-scale nonlinear dynamical systems is a relatively open problem. There has been much current interest in developing such techniques. We focus on a bi-linearization method, which extends Krylov subspace techniques for linear systems. In this approach, the nonlinear system is first approximated by a bilinear system through Carleman bilinearization. Then a reduced-order bilinear system is constructed in such a way that it matches certain number of multimoments corresponding to the first few kernels of the Volterra-Wiener representation of the bilinear system. It is shown that the two-sided Krylov subspace technique matches significant more number of multimoments than the corresponding one-side technique.

An overview of model reduction methods and a comparison of the resulting algorithms is presented. These approaches are divided into two broad categories, namely SVD based and moment matching based methods. It turns out that the approximation error in the former case behaves better globally in frequency while in the latter case the local behavior is better. 1 Introduction and problem statement Direct numerical simulation of dynamical systems has been an extremely successful means for studying complex physical phenomena. However, as more detail is included, the dimensionality of such simulations may increase to unmanageable levels of storage and computational requirements. One approach to overcoming this is through model reduction. The goal is to produce a low dimensional system that has

In part I of this work [10], a rational Lanczos algorithm was developed which led to rational interpolants of dynamical systems. In this sequel, the important implementational issue of interpolation point selection is analyzed in detail. A residual expression is derived for the rational Lanczos algorithm and is used to govern the placement and type of the interpolation points. Algorithms are developed and applied to a problem arising from circuit interconnect modeling. AMS classification: Primary 65F15; Secondary 65G05. Key Words : State space systems, rational Lanczos algorithm, preconditioning, rational interpolation, model reduction. 1 Introduction A variety of Lanczos-based methods are now available for acquiring a reduced-order model for a stable, linear, time-invariant system. Many of these Lanczos-based methods interpolate the value and consecutive derivatives of the frequency response of the original system at one or more points, see [10] and references therein. Yet by...

Three algorithms for the model reduction of large-scale, continuous-time, time-invariant, linear, dynamical systems with a sparse or structured transition matrix and a small number of inputs and outputs are described. They rely on low rank approximations to the controllability and observability Gramians, which can eciently be computed by ADI based iterative low rank methods. The rst two model reduction methods are closely related to the well-known square root method and Schur method, which are balanced truncation techniques. The third method is a heuristic, balancing-free technique. The performance of the model reduction algorithms is studied in numerical experiments.

This paper reviews the main ideas of reduced-order modeling techniques based on Krylov subspaces and describes some applications of reduced-order modeling in circuit simulation

In this paper we review the state of affairs in the area of approximation of large-scale systems. We distinguish among three basic categories, namely the SVD-based, the Krylov-based and the SVD-Krylov-based approximation methods. The first two were developed independently of each other and have distinct sets of attributes and drawbacks. The third approach seeks to combine the best attributes of the first two. Contents 1 Introduction and problem statement 1 2 Motivating Examples 3 3 Approximation methods 4 3.1 SVD-based approximation methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 3.1.1 The Singular value decomposition: SVD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 3.1.2 Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 3.1.3 Approximation by balanced truncation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...

Abstract. Krylov subspace based moment matching algorithms, such as PVL (Padé approximation Via the Lanczos process), have emerged as popular tools for efficient analyses of the impulse response in a large linear circuit. In this work, a new derivation of the PVL algorithm is presented from the matrix point of view. This approach simplifies the mathematical theory and derivation of the algorithm. Moreover, an explicit formulation of the approximation error of the PVL algorithm is given. With this error expression, one may implement the PVL algorithm that adaptively determines the number of Lanczos steps required to satisfy a prescribed error tolerance. A number of implementation issues of the PVL algorithm and its error estimation are also addressed in this paper. A generalization to a multiple-input-multiple-output circuit system via a block Lanczos process is also given.