A pedagogical and self-contained introduction to noncommutative quantum field theory is presented, with emphasis on those properties that are intimately tied to string theory and gravity. Topics covered include the Weyl-Wigner correspondence, noncommutative Feynman diagrams, UV/IR mixing, noncommutative Yang-Mills theory on infinite space and on the torus, Morita equivalences of noncommutative gauge theories, twisted reduced models, and an in-depth study of the gauge group of noncommutative Yang-Mills theory. Some of the more mathematical ideas and

We first exhibit in the commutative case the simple algebraic relations between the algebra of functions on a manifold and its infinitesimal length element ds. Its unitary representations correspond to Riemannian metrics and Spin structure while ds is the Dirac propagator ds = ×— × = D −1 where D is the Dirac operator. We extend these simple relations to the non commutative case using Tomita’s involution J. We then write a spectral action, the trace of a function of the length element in Planck units, which when applied to the non commutative geometry of the Standard Model will be shown (in a joint work with Ali Chamseddine) to give the SM Lagrangian coupled to gravity. The internal fluctuations of the non commutative geometry are trivial in the commutative case but yield the full bosonic sector of SM with all correct quantum numbers in the slightly non commutative case. The group of local gauge transformations appears spontaneously as a normal subgroup of the diffeomorphism group.

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We give new examples of noncommutative manifolds that are less standard than the NC-torus or Moyal deformations of R n. They arise naturally from basic considerations of noncommutative differential topology and have non-trivial global features. The new examples include the instanton algebra and the NC-4-spheres S4 θ. We construct the noncommutative algebras A = C ∞ (S4 θ) of functions on NCspheres as solutions to the vanishing, chj(e) = 0,j < 2, of the Chern character in the cyclic homology of A of an idempotent e ∈ M4(A), e2 = e, e = e ∗. We describe the universal noncommutative space obtained from this equation as a noncommutative Grassmanian as well as the corresponding notion of admissible morphisms. This space Gr contains the suspension of a NC-3-sphere intimately related to quantum group deformations SUq(2) of SU(2) but for unusual values (complex values of modulus one) of the parameter q of q-analogues, q = exp(2πiθ). We then construct the noncommutative geometry of S4 θ as given by a spectral triple (A, H,D) and check all axioms of noncommutative manifolds. In a previous paper it was shown that for any Riemannian metric gµν on S4 whose volume form √ g d4x is the same as the one for the round metric, the corresponding Dirac operator gives a solution to the following quartic equation, e − 1

We exhibit large classes of examples of noncommutative finitedimensional manifolds which are (non-formal) deformations of classical manifolds. The main result of this paper is a complete description of noncommutative three-dimensional spherical manifolds, a noncommutative version of the sphere S 3 defined by basic K-theoretic equations. We find a 3-parameter family of deformations of the standard 3-sphere S 3 and a corresponding 3-parameter deformation of the 4-dimensional Euclidean space R 4. For generic values of the deformation parameters we show that the obtained algebras of polynomials on the deformed R 4 u are isomorphic to the algebras introduced by Sklyanin in connection with the Yang-Baxter equation. Special values of the deformation parameters do not give rise to Sklyanin algebras and we extract a subclass, the θ-deformations, which we generalize in any dimension and various contexts, and study in some details. Here, and

Abstract. By a quantum metric space we mean a C ∗-algebra (or more generally an order-unit space) equipped with a generalization of the usual Lipschitz seminorm on functions which one associates to an ordinary metric. We develop for compact quantum metric spaces a version of Gromov–Hausdorff distance. We show that the basic theorems of the classical theory have natural quantum analogues. Our main example involves the quantum tori, Aθ. We show, for consistently defined “metrics”, that if a sequence {θn} of parameters converges to a parameter θ, then the sequence {Aθn} of quantum tori converges in quantum Gromov–Hausdorff distance to Aθ. 1.

We describe an intimate relationship between the noncommutative geometry associated with a lattice vertex operator algebra A and the noncommutative torus. We show that the tachyon subalgebra of A is naturally isomorphic to a class of twisted modules representing quantum deformations of the algebra of functions on the torus. We construct the corresponding even real spectral triples and determine their Morita equivalence classes using string duality arguments. These constructions yield simple proofs of the O(d, d; Z) Morita equivalences between d-dimensional noncommutative tori and give a natural physical interpretation of them in terms of the target space duality group of toroidally compactified string theory. We classify the automorphisms of the twisted modules and construct the most general gauge theory which is invariant under the automorphism group. We compute bosonic and fermionic actions associated with these gauge theories and show that they are explicitly duality-symmetric. The duality-invariant gauge theory is manifestly covariant but contains highly non-local interactions. We show that it also admits a new sort of particle-antiparticle duality which enables the construction of instanton field configurations in any dimension. The duality non-symmetric on-shell projection of the field theory is shown to coincide with the standard non-abelian Yang-Mills gauge theory minimally coupled to massive Dirac fermion fields. 1

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We classify 0-dimensional spectral triples over complex and real algebras and provide some general statements about their di#erential structure. We investigate also whether such spectral triples admit a symmetry arising from the Hopf algebra structure of the finite algebra. We discuss examples of commutative algebras and group algebras. PACS: 02.40.-k, 02.90.+p, 12.10.-g # e-mail:paschke@dipmza.physik.uni-mainz.de + e-mail:sitarz@higgs.physik.uni-mainz.de 1 1