By watching each other's lower oscillating leg, 2 seated Ss kept a common tempo and a particular phase relation of either 0 ° (symmetric mode) or 180 ° (alternate mode). This study investigated the differential stability of the 2 phase modes. In Experiment 1, in which Ss were instructed to remain in the initial phase mode, the alternate phase mode was found to be less stable as the frequency of oscillation increased. In addition, analysis of the nonsteady state cycles revealed evidence of a switching to the symmetric phase mode for the initial alternate phase mode trials. In Experiments 2 and 3, Ss were instructed to remain at a noninitial phase angle if it was found to be more comfortable. The transition observed between the 2 phase modes satisfies the criteria of a physical bifurcation—hysteresis, critical fluctuations, and divergence—and is consonant with previous findings on transitions in limb coordination within a person. The coordination of movements between people is an omnipresent aspect of daily life. Such coordinations consist of the very natural and commonplace coordinations exhibited by people walking and talking together and the very practiced and refined coordinations exhibited by people playing sports

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This work contains review of original quantum Hierarchic theory of condensed matter, general for liquids and solids and its numerous branches. Computer program (copyright, 1997, Kaivarainen), based on new theory, was used for comprehensive simulations of water and ice physical properties. Condensed matter is considered as gas of 3D standing waves (collective excitations) of different nature: thermal de Broglie waves (waves B), IR photons and thermal phonons. Quantitative interrelation between microscopic, mesoscopic (as intermediate) and macroscopic properties of condensed matter are demonstrated. New theories of total internal energy, including contributions of kinetic and potential energy, heat capacity, surface tension, vapor pressure, thermal conductivity, viscosity and self-diffusion are described. Hierarchic theory of osmotic pressure, based on new state equation, new theories of light refraction, Brillouin light scattering and Mössbauer effect are presented also in article and compared with available experimental data for water and ice. Lot of hidden parameters, inaccessible for experiment, describing the dynamic and spatial properties of 24 quantum collective excitations of matter, can be calculated also, as demonstrated on examples of water and ice. Total number of physical parameters of liquids and solids in wide T-interval, including that of phase transitions, to be possible to evaluate using CAMP computer program, is about 300. The agreement between theoretical and available experimental results is very good. The evidence of high-T mesoscopic molecular Bose condensation (BC) in water and ice in form of coherent clusters is obtained. The new mechanisms of the 1st and 2nd order phase transitions, related to such clusters formation/melting, their assembly/disassembly and symmetry change is proposed. Theory unifies dynamics and thermodynamics on microscopic, mesoscopic and macroscopic scales in terms of quantum physics. The idea of new optoacoustic device: Comprehensive Analyzer of Matter Properties (CAMP) with huge informational possibilities, based on computer program, elaborated and its multisided applications are described. This work may be considered as a

Abstract: this paper reviews the general philosophy underlying the transdisciplinary research in the Evolution, Complexity and Cognition (ECCO) group. The ECCO conceptual framework is based on an ontology of action: the fundamental constituents of reality are seen as actions and the agents that produce them. More complex phenomena are conceived as selforganizing networks of interacting agents that evolve to become increasingly complex, adaptive and intelligent systems. The resulting worldview allows us to address the most fundamental issues of philosophy, including metaphysics, epistemology, ethics, futurology and praxeology. It in particular tackles the recurrent issues surrounding the matter-mind duality, including the origins of purposefulness and of subjective experience, and the relation between first-person and third-person perspectives. It achieves this by extending the intentional stance down to the simplest agents, elementary particles. This action-based view moreover supports a variety of practical applications, including the design of self-organizing technological systems, of systems that mobilize people to work in a motivated and coordinated manner, and of systems that support the collaborative development and dissemination of knowledge networks. The appendix of the paper, which is structured as a glossary, systematically defines and surveys the fundamental concepts of the ECCO framework.

"The first principles of things will never be adequately known. Science is an openended endeavor, it can never be closed. We do science without knowing the first principles. It does in fact not start from first principles, nor from the end principles, but from the middle. We not only change theories, but also the concepts and entities themselves, and what questions to ask. The foundations of science must be continuously examined and modified; it will always be full of mysteries and surprises. " {1} 1.

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Abstract – In this article the usage possibilities of reference states ' time-space intercouplings modeled for the degrading ecosystem (on an example of a forest) and variability of its spatially- contrast performances are considered for developing the adequate approach to optical fields' information calibration of degrading ecosystems. The possibilities and limitations of the Fokker-Plank equation’s applications are considered as the basis of optical fields’ information calibration with specificity of dimensional contrast’s transformation with height off an inhomogeneous surface The tendered constructing of the information calibration metrics on dynamic system's eigenvectors with state parameters (population density) interacting with ecosystem's contrast-optical features reams optical contrasts fields ' calibration possibilities of degrading ecosystems..

In their position paper entitled “Towards a new, complexity science of learning and education, ” Jörg et al. (2007) argue that educational research is in crisis. In their opinion, the transdisciplinary and interdiscursive approach of complexity science with its orientation towards self-organization, emergence, and potentiality provides new modes of inquiry, a new lexicon and assessment practices that can be used to overcome the current crisis. In this contribution, I elaborate on how complexity science can further be developed for understanding the dynamics of intentions and the communication of meaning as these are central to the social-scientific enterprise. Under the denominator of “complexity science ” a number of physicists, biologists, and mathematicians have proposed “self-organization ” as a metaphor. “Self-organization,” however, has a meaning in the context of Prigogine’s (1980) thermodynamics of farfrom-equilibrium systems that differs from its use in Maturana & Varela’s (1984) neurophysiology-based model of autopoiesis. Luhmann (1986) proposed using the latter model to analyse the communication of meaning in social and psychological systems. The distinction between social and psychological systems was based on Husserl’s (1929)

The heat engine, or related mechanisms, appears as an essential component in most models for self-organizing phenomena. Following the autopoietic-allopoietic classification used in Prigogine’s dissipative structures paradigm to discriminate heat engines in terms of the final use of the work by they produced, we introduce here an autopoietic coupling of heat engines as a possible model for the energy inter-conversions sustaining the dissipative structure known as Bénard convection. A thermodynamic analysis shows that it can access efficiencies larger than those allowed by the second law.

A new one-dimensional radiative equilibrium model for investigating atmospheric