this paper contains a list of 36 open problems in numbertheoretic complexity. We expect that none of these problems are easy; we are sure that many of them are hard. This list of problems reflects our own interests and should not be viewed as definitive. As the field changes and becomes deeper, new problems will emerge and old problems will lose favor. Ideally there will be other `open problems' papers in future ANTS proceedings to help guide the field. It is likely that some of the problems presented here will remain open for the forseeable future. However, it is possible in some cases to make progress by solving subproblems, or by establishing reductions between problems, or by settling problems under the assumption of one or more well known hypotheses (e.g. the various extended Riemann hypotheses, NP 6= P; NP 6= coNP). For the sake of clarity we have often chosen to state a specific version of a problem rather than a general one. For example, questions about the integers modulo a prime often have natural generalizations to arbitrary finite fields, to arbitrary cyclic groups, or to problems with a composite modulus. Questions about the integers often have natural generalizations to the ring of integers in an algebraic number field, and questions about elliptic curves often generalize to arbitrary curves or abelian varieties. The problems presented here arose from many different places and times. To those whose research has generated these problems or has contributed to our present understanding of them but to whom inadequate acknowledgement is given here, we apologize. Our list of open problems is derived from an earlier `open problems' paper we wrote in 1986 [AM86]. When we wrote the first version of this paper, we feared that the problems presented were so difficult...

In this paper we study the algorithmic problem of finding the ring of integers of a given algebraic number field. In practice, this problem is often considered to be wellsolved, but theoretical results indicate that it is intractable for number fields that are defined by equations with very large coefficients. Such fields occur in the number field sieve algorithm for factoring integers. Applying a variant of a standard algorithm for finding rings of integers, one finds a subring of the number field that one may view as the "best guess" one has for the ring of integers. This best guess is probably often correct. Our main concern is what can be proved about this subring. We show that it has a particularly transparent local structure, which is reminiscent of the structure of tamely ramified extensions of local fields. A major portion of the paper is devoted to the study of rings that are "tame" in our more general sense. As a byproduct, we prove complexity results that elaborate upon a ...

this paper we develop a simple and efficient algorithm for the computation of Riemann-Roch spaces to be counted among the arithmetic methods. The algorithm completely avoids series expansions and resulting complications, and instead relies on integral closures and their ideals only. It works for any "computable" constant field k of any characteristic as long as the required integral closures can be computed, and does not involve constant field extensions

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Abstract. We provide a comprehensive description of biquadratic function fields and their properties, including a characterization of the cyclic and radical cases as well as the constant field. For the cyclic scenario, we provide simple explicit formulas for the ramification index of any rational place, the field discriminant, the genus, and an algorithmically suitable integral basis. In terms of computation, we only require square and fourth power testing of constants, extended gcd computations of polynomials, and the squarefree factorization of polynomials over the base field. 1.

Abstract. We give an explicit treatment of cubic function fields of characteristic at least five. This includes an efficient technique for converting such a field into standard form, formulae for the field discriminant and the genus, simple necessary and sufficient criteria for non-singularity of the defining curve, and a characterization of all triangular integral bases. Our main result is a description of the signature of any rational place in a cubic extension that involves only the defining curve and the order of the base field. All these quantities only require simple polynomial arithmetic as well as a few square-free polynomial factorizations and, in some cases, square and cube root extraction modulo an irreducible polynomial. We also illustrate why and how signature computation plays an important role in computing the class number of the function field. This in turn has applications to the study of zeros of zeta functions of function fields. 1.

We discuss the relationship between quaternion algebras and quadratic forms with a focus on computational aspects. Our basic motivating problem is to determine if a given algebra of rank 4 over a commutative ring R embeds in the 2 × 2-matrix ring M2(R) and, if so, to compute such an embedding. We discuss many variants of this problem, including algorithmic recognition of quaternion algebras among algebras of rank 4, computation of the Hilbert symbol, and computation of maximal orders.

Abstract. We give an explicit treatment of cubic function fields of characteristic at least five. This includes an efficient technique for converting such a field into standard form, formulae for the field discriminant and the genus, simple necessary and sufficient criteria for non-singularity of the defining curve, and a characterization of all triangular integral bases. Our main result is a description of the signature of any rational place in a cubic extension that involves only the underlying curve and the order of the base field. All these quantities only require simple polynomial arithmetic as well as a few squarefree polynomial factorizations and, in some cases, square and cube root extraction modulo an irreducible polynomial. We also illustrate why and how signature computation plays an important role in computing the class number of the function field. This in turn has applications to the study of zeros of zeta functions of function fields. 1.

. The polynomial time algorithm of Lenstra, Lenstra, and Lov'asz [17] for