Results 1 - 10
of
12
Event-based prospective memory and executive control of working memory
- Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition
, 1998
"... In 5 experiments, the character of concurrent cognitive processing was manipulated during an event-based prospective memory task. High- and low-load conditions that differed only in the difficulty of the concurrent task were tested in each experiment. In Experiments 1 and 2, attention-demanding task ..."
Abstract
-
Cited by 64 (15 self)
- Add to MetaCart
(Show Context)
In 5 experiments, the character of concurrent cognitive processing was manipulated during an event-based prospective memory task. High- and low-load conditions that differed only in the difficulty of the concurrent task were tested in each experiment. In Experiments 1 and 2, attention-demanding tasks from the literature on executive control produced decrements in prospective memory. In Experiment 3, attention was divided by different loads of articulatory suppression that did not ultimately lead to decrements in prospective memory. A high-load manipulation of a visuospatial task requiring performance monitoring resulted in worse prospective memory in Experiment 4, whereas in Experiment 5 a visuospatial task with little monitoring did not. Results are discussed in terms of executive functions, such as planning and monitoring, that appear to be critical to successful event-based prospective memory. Successfully completing an intended action in the future depends on a type of remembering that has been labeled prospective memory. Thus, successful prospective memory requires remembering to remember. As a cognitive con-struct, however, prospective memory is less monolithic than
A Review of Memory Aid Devices for an Ageing Population
- In
, 2006
"... The trend for designing memory aids for cognitively impaired elderly individuals is fast growing. In an effort to assist elderly people to carry out tasks of everyday living and to relieve caregivers, several memory aid technologies have recently been introduced. These devices range from everyday te ..."
Abstract
-
Cited by 10 (1 self)
- Add to MetaCart
The trend for designing memory aids for cognitively impaired elderly individuals is fast growing. In an effort to assist elderly people to carry out tasks of everyday living and to relieve caregivers, several memory aid technologies have recently been introduced. These devices range from everyday technologies such as handheld PDA’s to integrated sensory cueing devices. Based on the published literature describing these devices, this review will look at how these memory aids are designed to assist the user and whether they meet the needs and requirements of the older user. From the evaluations of these devices, it was shown that participant performances with the support of the memory systems were significantly improved compared to performances where the participants used internal strategies for remembering. These results show that electronic memory aids do have the potential to support memory in older individuals. This review will provide an insight into prospective memory and ageing, and the compensation devices which are designed to support memory decline due to ageing. There are three goals for the present review: (1) to outline the needs of older adults, (2) to review current memory aid devices, and (3) to consider how these devices meet the users needs.
Prospective memory: A new focus for research
- Consciousness and Cognition
"... Prospective memory is required for many aspects of everyday cognition, its breakdown may be as debilitating as impairments in retrospective memory, and yet, the former has received relatively little attention by memory researchers. This article outlines a strategy for changing the fortunes of prospe ..."
Abstract
-
Cited by 9 (1 self)
- Add to MetaCart
(Show Context)
Prospective memory is required for many aspects of everyday cognition, its breakdown may be as debilitating as impairments in retrospective memory, and yet, the former has received relatively little attention by memory researchers. This article outlines a strategy for changing the fortunes of prospective memory, for guiding new research to shore up the claim that prospective memory is a distinct aspect of cognition, and to obtain evidence for clear performance dissociations between prospective memory and other memory func-tions. We begin by identifying the unique requirements of prospective memory tasks and by dividing memory’s prospective functions into subdomains that are analogous to divisions in retrospective memory (e.g., short- versus long-term memory). We focus on one prospective function, called prospective memory proper; we define this function in the spirit of James (1890) as requiring that we are aware of a plan, of which meanwhile we have not been thinking, with the additional consciousness that we made the plan earlier. We give an operational definition of prospective memory proper and specify how it differs from explicit and implicit retrospective memory and how it might be empirically assessed. ª 2001 Elsevier Science (USA)
Interruption Management in the Intensive Care Unit: Predicting Resumption Times and Assessing Distributed Support
"... Interruptions are frequent in many work domains. Researchers in health care have started to study interruptions extensively, but their studies usually do not use a theoretically guided approach. Conversely, researchers conducting theoretically rich laboratory studies on interruptions have not usuall ..."
Abstract
-
Cited by 6 (1 self)
- Add to MetaCart
(Show Context)
Interruptions are frequent in many work domains. Researchers in health care have started to study interruptions extensively, but their studies usually do not use a theoretically guided approach. Conversely, researchers conducting theoretically rich laboratory studies on interruptions have not usually investigated how effectively their findings account for humans working in complex systems such as intensive care units. In the current study, we use the memory for goals theory and prospective memory theory to investigate which properties of an interruption influence how long it takes nurses to resume interrupted critical care tasks. We collected data with a mobile eye tracker in an intensive care unit and developed multiple regression models to predict resumption times. In 55.8 % of all interruptions there was a finite—and therefore analyzable—resumption lag. For these cases, the main regression model explained 30.9 % (adjusted R 2) of the variance. Longer interruptions ( � �.36, p �.001) and changes in physical location due to interruptions ( � �.40, p �.001) lengthened the resumption lag. We also calculated regression models on subsets of the data to investigate the generality of the above findings across different situations. In a further 37.6 % of all interruptions, nurses used behavioral strategies that greatly diminished or eliminated individual prospective memory demands caused by interruptions, resulting in no analyzable resumption lag. We introduce a descriptive model that accounts for how nurses ’ behaviors affect the cognitive demand of resuming an interrupted task. Finally, we discuss how the disruptive effects of interruptions in the intensive care unit could be diminished or prevented.
Does Cognitive Ability Explain Inaccuracy in Older Adults ’ Self-Reported
, 2008
"... This study examines the accuracy of younger-old and older-old adults ’ self-reported adherence over a 3-month period and the potential interactive relation-ship between self-report accuracy and cognitive abilities. For 3 months, 71 younger-old (M = 68.10, range = 57 to 74) and 62 older-old (M = 80.3 ..."
Abstract
- Add to MetaCart
(Show Context)
This study examines the accuracy of younger-old and older-old adults ’ self-reported adherence over a 3-month period and the potential interactive relation-ship between self-report accuracy and cognitive abilities. For 3 months, 71 younger-old (M = 68.10, range = 57 to 74) and 62 older-old (M = 80.31, range = 75 to 89) adults had their actual and self-reported adherence monitored. Cognitive tests assessing episodic and prospective memory were given at the beginning of the study. Multilevel models indicate that 32 % of the variability in objective adherence was from between-person differences whereas 68 % was from within-person fluctuations. There were age differences in the coupling of actual and self-reported adherence over time, such that younger-old adults’ self-reports less accurately reflected their actual adherence. Subsequent models indicate that age differences in the coupled relationship were further moderated by cognitive abilities. Results suggest that the relationships among age, cogni-tive abilities, and accuracy of self-reported adherence are far from simple.
Methods Used to Predict Older Adult Use of Technology Mediated Memory Aids
"... Prospective memory, or remembering to do things in the future, is an important aspect of daily living. However, research studies have shown that prospective memory tasks display an age-related decline. The current study is part of a longer-term project to design a technology mediated prospective mem ..."
Abstract
- Add to MetaCart
Prospective memory, or remembering to do things in the future, is an important aspect of daily living. However, research studies have shown that prospective memory tasks display an age-related decline. The current study is part of a longer-term project to design a technology mediated prospective memory aid for older adults. In this paper, the methodologies used to investigate the lifestyles of older adults in terms of their use of memory strategies and technology will be described. From this research several themes emerged to predict the factors that are important to older adults and to the design of a memory aid, including memory ageing, physical ageing, social network and activity and ageing attitude. The findings from these methods will be used to support the design of a new interactive memory aid, MultiMinder.
Psicolgica (2001), 22, 97-113.
"... e of conscious monitoring that they require, with prospective memory being based more on automatic retrieval of the cue-action association and vigilance being based more on active search for the target. Key words: prospective memory, vigilance processes, automaticity. Correspondence to: Maria A. ..."
Abstract
- Add to MetaCart
e of conscious monitoring that they require, with prospective memory being based more on automatic retrieval of the cue-action association and vigilance being based more on active search for the target. Key words: prospective memory, vigilance processes, automaticity. Correspondence to: Maria A. Brandimonte, Department of Psychology, Via Sant'Anastasio, 12, 34123 Trieste, ITALY e-mail: brandy@univ.trieste.it Remembering to perform an action in the future (prospective memory, seeBrandimonte, Einstein, & McDaniel, 1996) has been often considered very similar to performing a vigilance task. For example, Meacham and Leiman (1982) suggested that over brief retention intervals "remembering to carry out an action...may be no different than the problem of maintaining one's vigilance" (p. 328). In a similar vein, Baddeley and Wilkins (1984) proposed a distinction between short and long-term intentions and suggested that short-term intentions may have to be maintained in "conscious awarenes
The Prospective and Retrospective Memory
"... normative data and discrepancy analysis for proxy-ratings ..."
(Show Context)
The Effect of Visual Cues on How People Handle Interruptions
"... People in work domains such as healthcare are often interrupted. As a result, they sometimes forget to resume their prior task, which may lead to undesirable consequences. In many cases, strategies such as deferring an interruption for a while can help people lower the risks imposed by interruptions ..."
Abstract
- Add to MetaCart
(Show Context)
People in work domains such as healthcare are often interrupted. As a result, they sometimes forget to resume their prior task, which may lead to undesirable consequences. In many cases, strategies such as deferring an interruption for a while can help people lower the risks imposed by interruptions. Using two computer-based tasks, we investigated whether visual cues make people more likely to defer an interruption until their current task is finished. Our study participants worked on an arithmetic task and were interrupted from time to time by an animated character inviting them to play Tic-Tac-Toe. Results showed that participants were more likely to defer accepting the interruption and to complete the arithmetic task if the arithmetic task contained visual cues that indicated the location of the next steps, than if it did not. The findings suggest that equipment with appropriately designed visual cues might encourage people to defer interruptions and finish their current tasks. Further research is needed to understand exactly how visual cues promote deferral strategies.
unknown title
"... People establish a rich variety of intentions that they wish to accomplish at some later point in time. Collec-tively, the investigation of intention formation and inten-tion completion is labeled the study of prospective mem-ory (for reviews, see the edited volume by Brandimonte, Einstein, & M ..."
Abstract
- Add to MetaCart
(Show Context)
People establish a rich variety of intentions that they wish to accomplish at some later point in time. Collec-tively, the investigation of intention formation and inten-tion completion is labeled the study of prospective mem-ory (for reviews, see the edited volume by Brandimonte, Einstein, & McDaniel, 1996). Obviously, not every inten-tion that a person establishes will be completed eventu-ally. Some intentions are forgotten, some are cancelled, and some become obsolete by virtue of environmental change over time. Marsh, Hicks, and Landau (1998) in-vestigated people’s everyday intentions and the reasons that they provided for neglecting to complete various types of them. One interesting outcome was that the majority of unfulfilled intentions were not overtly forgotten, as is commonly assumed in the prospective memory literature. Rather, the intentions were cancelled, reprioritized as less important than other obligations, or became impossible to fulfill as a consequence of external factors. Of course, there are additional reasons for why people’s intentions go unfulfilled that were not captured in our ear-lier study. For example, a person may come to believe that an intention has already been fulfilled, when in fact it has not. The ultimate fate of such an intention is that it will likely go uncompleted unless some environmental stimu-lus (e.g., one’s spouse, secretary, colleague, etc.) serves as a reminder that the intended activity was never performed. On the other hand, the converse situation can also occur. One can believe that one has not completed an intention when the activity has already been performed. This sort of memory failure can lead to repetitions in which a task is carried out (or attempted) more than once. Both sorts of prospective memory errors may have important behavioral consequences, such as over- or undermedicating oneself
