The deployment of network-wide security enhancements to the Internet has proven more difficult than many had initially anticipated. We leverage existing models of networks ’ value to model the problem of bootstrapping the adoption of security technologies. We describe a variety of policy interventions and deployment strategies that can help to catalyze this adoption. Using this framework, we provide a series of short case studies for previous attempts to deploy security technologies to the Internet. We then provide a detailed study of strategies for deploying security-enhanced protocols into the Internet’s Domain Name System (DNS). Finally, we show how the adoption of these DNS security enhancements can help to alleviate bootstrapping problems that have impeded the deployment of other security-enhanced protocols. This work is sponsored by the I3P under Air Force Contract FA8721-05-0002. Opinions, interpretations, conclusions and recommendations are those of the author(s) and are not necessarily endorsed by the United States Government.

Abstract 1-- In this article, we describe our experiences in implementing an experimental wide-area GMPLS network called CHEE-TAH (Circuit-Switched End-to-End Transport Architecture). The key concept is to add a complementary end-to-end circuit based service with dynamic call-by-call bandwidth sharing to the connectionless service already available to end hosts via the Internet. The current CHEETAH experimental network consists of off-the-shelf GMPLS-capable SONET switches (with Ethernet interfaces) deployed at three locations, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina,

In this article, we describe our experiences in implementing an experimental wide-area GMPLS network called CHEETAH (Circuit-Switched End-to-End Transport Architecture). The key concept is to add a complementary end-to-end circuit based service with dynamic call-by-call bandwidth sharing to the connectionless service already available to end hosts via the Internet. The current CHEETAH exper-imental network consists of off-the-shelf GMPLS-capable SONET switches (with Ethernet interfaces)

Two-sided markets arise when two different types of users may realize gains by interacting with one another through one or more platforms or mediators. We initiate a study of the evolution of such markets. We present an empirical analysis of the value accruing to members of each side of the market, based on the presence of the other side. We codify the range of value curves into a general theoretical model, characterize the equilibrium states of two-sided markets in our model, and prove that each platform will converge to one of these equilibria. We give some early experimental results of the stability of two-sided markets, and close with a theoretical treatment of the formation of different kinds of coalitions in such markets.

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Interconnection of IP QoS capabilities between networks releases considerable value. In this paper we show where this value will be realised. We give technical and economic arguments for why QoS will be provided in core and backbone networks as a bulk QoS facility incapable of distinguishing or charging differentially between sessions. While between edge networks a vibrant mix of retail QoS solutions will be possible, including Internet-wide per-flow guarantees. We outline cutting edge research on how to coordinate QoS between networks, using a session-based overlay between the edges that will extract most surplus value, underpinned by a bulk QoS layer coordinating the whole. We survey today’s interconnect tariffs and the current disconnected state of IP QoS. Then we describe a commercial ‘model of models ’ that allows incremental evolution towards an interconnected future. The paper covers intertwined engineering and economic/commercial issues in some depth, but considerable effort has been made to allow both communities to understand the whole paper. 1

We study a system where many identical users of a service share a common resource. Each user is sensitive to congestion at the resource, but also experiences a positive network effect. We consider a model where both effects depend on the usage of individuals in the system, as well as potentially the number of users in the system. We consider two benchmark scales for the service: the subscriber base most preferred by an individual user, and the subscriber base most preferred by the service manager. The latter can be significantly larger than the former; we discuss the consequences for management and operation of congestible services. 1

We study a system where a service is shared by many identical customers; the service is provided by a single resource. As expected each customer experiences congestion, a negative externality, from the others ’ usage of the shared resource in our model. In addition, we assume each customer experiences a positive externality from others ’ usage; this is in contrast to prior literature that assumes a positive externality that depends only on the mere presence of other users. We consider two points of view in studying this model: the behavior of self-interested users who autonomously form a “club”, and the behavior of a service manager. We first characterize the usage patterns of self-interested users, as well as the size of the club that self-interested users would form autonomously. We find that this club size is always smaller than that chosen by a service manager; however, somewhat surprisingly, usage in the autonomous club is always efficient. Next, we carry out an asymptotic analysis in the regime where the positive externality is increased without bound. We find that in this regime, the asymptotic behavior of the autonomous club can be quite different from that formed by a service manager: for example, the autonomous club may remain of finite size, even if the club formed by a service manager has infinitely many members. Key words: Externalities; network effects; congestion; club theory; services 1.

A user-centric approach to identifying best deployment strategies for language tools: the impact of content and access language on Web user behaviour and attitudes

Abstract—In this paper we illustrate total structure of swarm systems and their impacts on net-centric computing environments. The paper presents a comprehensive look on swarm applications and its potential to solve complex problems in related areas. The effects of emergent externalities of swarm behavior through its basic elements such as groups/clusters, individuals/agents and inner/outer communications are also studied to explain the role of swarming in improving the performance of net-centric systems. Self-organization, robustness, flexibility and handling unpredicted situations are introduced as results of such collective and cooperating strategies. The paper also takes a look at the role of existing technologies and related challenges towards implementing real swarm systems. Index Terms—Swarm intelligence, self-organization, robustness, flexibility, multi-agent systems.