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Dynamics of networks if everyone strives for structural holes
- Utrecht University
, 2005
"... The order of the authors is alphabetical. For more information, please contact Vincent Buskens, ..."
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The order of the authors is alphabetical. For more information, please contact Vincent Buskens,
Logistic Network Regression for Scalable Analysis of Networks with Joint Edge/Vertex Dynamics
, 2011
"... Network dynamics may be viewed as a process of change in the edge structure of a network, in the vertex set on which edges are defined, or in both simul-taneously. Though early studies of such processes were primarily descriptive, recent work on this topic has increasingly turned to formal statistic ..."
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Cited by 6 (5 self)
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Network dynamics may be viewed as a process of change in the edge structure of a network, in the vertex set on which edges are defined, or in both simul-taneously. Though early studies of such processes were primarily descriptive, recent work on this topic has increasingly turned to formal statistical mod-els. While showing great promise, many of these modern dynamic models are computationally intensive and scale very poorly in the size of the net-work under study and/or the number of time points considered. Likewise, currently employed models focus on edge dynamics, with little support for endogenously changing vertex sets. Here, we show how an existing approach based on logistic network regression can be extended to serve as highly scal-able framework for modeling large networks with dynamic vertex sets. We place this approach within a general dynamic exponential family (ERGM) context, clarifying the assumptions underlying the framework (and providing a clear path for extensions), and show how model assessment methods for cross-sectional networks can be extended to the dynamic case. Finally, we illustrate this approach on a classic data set involving interactions among windsurfers on a California beach.
Friends and foes: The dynamics of dual social structures
- ACADEMY OF MANAGEMENT JOURNAL
, 2014
"... This paper investigates the evolutionary dynamics of a dual social structure encom-passing collaboration and conflict among corporate actors. We apply and advance structural balance theory to examine the formation of balanced and unbalanced dyadic and triadic structures, and to explore how these dyn ..."
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This paper investigates the evolutionary dynamics of a dual social structure encom-passing collaboration and conflict among corporate actors. We apply and advance structural balance theory to examine the formation of balanced and unbalanced dyadic and triadic structures, and to explore how these dynamics aggregate to shape the emergence of a global network. Our findings are threefold. First, we find that existing collaborative or conflictual relationships between two companies engender future relationships of the same type, but crowd out relationships of the different type. This results in (a) an increased likelihood of the formation of balanced (uniplex) relationships that combine multiple ties of either collaboration or conflict, and (b) a reduced likelihood of the formation of unbalanced (multiplex) relationships that combine collaboration and conflict between the same two firms. Second, we find that network formation is driven not by a pull toward balanced triads, but rather by a pull away from unbalanced triads. Third, we find that the observed micro-level dynamics of dyads and triads affect the structural segregation of the global network into two separate collaborative and conflictual segments of firms. Our empirical analyses used data on strategic partnerships and patent infringement and antitrust lawsuits in biotechnology and pharmaceuticals from 1996 to 2006. A considerable body of research has examined the implications of social structures for actors’ behaviors and outcomes. (For a review, see Brass,
Social balance theory: Revisiting Heider’s Balance Theory for many agents
, 2004
"... We construct a model based on Heider’s social balance theory to analyze the interpersonal network among social agents. The model of social balance theory provides us an interesting tool to see how a social group evolves to the possible balance state. We introduce the balance index that can be used t ..."
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We construct a model based on Heider’s social balance theory to analyze the interpersonal network among social agents. The model of social balance theory provides us an interesting tool to see how a social group evolves to the possible balance state. We introduce the balance index that can be used to measure social balance in macro structure level (global balance index) or in micro structure (local balance index) to see how the local balance index influences the global balance structure. Several experiments are done and we discover how the social group can form separation of subgroups in a group or strengthening a social group while emphasizing the structure theorem and social mitosis previously introduced. Keyword: Heider’s Balance Theory, balance index, structure theorem, sentiment relation, social balance, balance configurations my friend’s friend is my friend my friend’s enemy is my enemy my enemy’s friend is my enemy my enemy’s enemy is my friend Heider’s Balance Theory (1958) 1.
On the dynamics of Social Balance on general networks (with an application to XOR-SAT)
, 2008
"... We study nondeterministic and probabilistic versions of a discrete dynamical system (due to T. Antal, P. L. Krapivsky, and S. Redner [3]) inspired by Heider’s social balance theory. We investigate the convergence time of this dynamics on several classes of graphs. Our contributions include: 1. We po ..."
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We study nondeterministic and probabilistic versions of a discrete dynamical system (due to T. Antal, P. L. Krapivsky, and S. Redner [3]) inspired by Heider’s social balance theory. We investigate the convergence time of this dynamics on several classes of graphs. Our contributions include: 1. We point out the connection between the triad dynamics and a generalization of annihilating walks to hypergraphs. In particular, this connection allows us to completely characterize the recurrent states in graphs where each edge belongs to at most two triangles. 2. We also solve the case of hypergraphs that do not contain edges consisting of one or two vertices. 3. We show that on the so-called “triadic cycle”graph, the convergence time is linear. 4. We obtain a cubic upper bound on the convergence time on 2-regular triadic simplexes G. This bound can be further improved to a quantity that depends on the Cheeger constant of G. In particular this provides some rigorous counterparts to experimental observations in [25]. We also point out an application to the analysis of the random walk algorithm on certain instances of the 3-XOR-SAT problem.
MODELS FOR GENERALIZED LOCATION SYSTEMS
, 2016
"... A formal framework is introduced for a general class of assignment systems that can be used to characterize a range of social phenomena. An exponential family of distributions is developed for modeling such systems, allowing for the incorporation of both attributional and relational covariates. Meth ..."
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A formal framework is introduced for a general class of assignment systems that can be used to characterize a range of social phenomena. An exponential family of distributions is developed for modeling such systems, allowing for the incorporation of both attributional and relational covariates. Methods are shown for simulation and inference using the location system model. Two illustrative applications (occupational stratification and residential settlement patterns) are presented, and simulation is employed to show the behavior of the location system model in each case; a third application, involving occupancy of positions within an organization, is used to demonstrate inference for the location system. By leveraging established results in the fields of social network analysis, spatial statistics, and statistical mechanics, it is argued that sociologists can model complex social systems without sacrificing inferential tractability.
Aesthetics and Robotics: which form to give to the human-like robot?
"... Abstract—The recent development of humanoid robots has led robot designers to imagine a great variety of anthropomorphic forms for human-like machine. Which form is the best? We try to answer this question from a double meaning of the anthropomorphism: a positive anthropomorphism corresponing to the ..."
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Abstract—The recent development of humanoid robots has led robot designers to imagine a great variety of anthropomorphic forms for human-like machine. Which form is the best? We try to answer this question from a double meaning of the anthropomorphism: a positive anthropomorphism corresponing to the realization of an effective anthropomorphic form object and a negative one corresponding to our natural tendency in certain circumstances to give human attributes to non-human beings. We postulate that any humanoid robot is concerned by both these two anthropomorphism kinds. We propose to use gestalt theory and Heider’s balance theory in order to analyze how negative anthropomorphism can influence our perception of human-like robots. From our theoretical approach we conclude that an “even shape ” as defined by gestalt theory is not a sufficient condition for a good integration of future humanoid robots into a human community. Aesthetic perception of the robot cannot be splitted from a social perception: a humanoid robot, any how the efforts made for improving its appearance, could be rejected if it is devoted to a task with too high affective implications. Keywords—Robot appearance, Humanoid robot, Uncanny valley, Human-Robot-Interaction.
Measuring social dynamics in a massive multiplayer online game
- Social Networks
"... Quantification of human group-behavior has so far defied an empirical, falsifiable approach. This is due to tremendous difficulties in data acquisition of social systems. Massive multiplayer online games (MMOG) provide a fascinating new way of observing hundreds of thousands of simultaneously social ..."
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Quantification of human group-behavior has so far defied an empirical, falsifiable approach. This is due to tremendous difficulties in data acquisition of social systems. Massive multiplayer online games (MMOG) provide a fascinating new way of observing hundreds of thousands of simultaneously socially interacting individuals engaged in virtual economic activities. We have compiled a data set consisting of practically all actions of all players over a period of three years from a MMOG played by 300,000 people. This large-scale data set of a socio-economic unit contains all social and economic data from a single and coherent source. Players have to generate a virtual income through economic activities to ‘survive’ and are typically engaged in a multitude of social activities offered within the game. Our analysis of high-frequency log files focuses on three types of social networks, and tests a series of social-dynamics hypotheses. In particular we study the structure and dynamics of friend-, enemy- and communication networks. We find striking differences in topological structure between positive (friend) and negative (enemy) tie networks. All networks confirm the recently observed phenomenon of network densification. We propose two approximate social laws in communication networks, the first expressing betweenness centrality as the inverse square of the overlap, the second relating communication strength to the cube of the overlap. These empirical laws provide strong quantitative evidence for the Weak ties hypothesis of Granovetter. Further, the analysis of triad significance profiles validates well-established assertions from social balance
Cognitive Consistency in Purchase Behaviour: Theoretical & Empirical Analyses
"... The fundamental thrust of consistency theories is to enforce equilibrium among one’s cognitions. Man seeks haemostatic states among his cognitive elements or avoids conflicting stimuli. He loves the familiar; the unfamiliar is always discomforting and disturbing though common knowledge tells us that ..."
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The fundamental thrust of consistency theories is to enforce equilibrium among one’s cognitions. Man seeks haemostatic states among his cognitive elements or avoids conflicting stimuli. He loves the familiar; the unfamiliar is always discomforting and disturbing though common knowledge tells us that actual behaviour turns what seems novel at the pre-decision stage into familiar following series of learning and experience. The Heider’s balance theory, Osgood’s congruity model and Festinger’s cognitive dissonance theory are the three popular schools of thought that provide the foundational theories of cognitive consistency This paper critically analyzed and synthesized the major theoretical and empirical body of knowledge of these schools with a view to proffering a tripartite approach (involving the consumers, the organizations and the governments) to solving inconsistency among cognitive elements (e.g.; values, beliefs, knowledge and attitudes). These schools were specifically looked into and assessed in terms of their individual real world application and/or empirical fertility. Each represents an improvement upon the other with Festinger’s theory providing the most elaborate perspective of emphasizing on psychological tension and means of achieving consistency within and between the cognitive system and ultimately overt and covert behaviours.
