ion Let E; E 0 be PCCS expressions. The inter-model abstraction rule IMARGR is defined by E ff[p] \Gamma\Gamma! i E 0 =) E ff[p= G (E;fffg)] ae \Gamma\Gamma\Gamma\Gamma\Gamma\Gamma! i E 0 This rule uses the generative normalization function to convert generative probabilities to reactive ones, thereby abstracting away from the relative probabilities between different actions. We can now define 'GR ('G (P )) as the reactive transition system that can be inferred from P 's generative transition system via IMARGR . By the same procedure as described at the end of Section 3.1, 'GR can be extended to a mapping 'GR : j GG ! j GR . Write P GR ¸ Q if P; Q 2 Pr are reactive bisimulation equivalent with respect to the transitions derivable from G+IMARGR , i.e. the theory obtained by adding IMARGR to the rules of Figure 7. The equivalence GR ¸ is defined just like R ¸ but using the cPDF ¯GR instead of ¯R . ¯GR is defined by ¯GR (P; ff; S) = X i2I R (=I G ) fj p i j G+ I...

. The NCSU Concurrency Workbench is a tool for verifying finite-state systems. A key feature is its flexibility; its modular design eases the task of adding new analyses and changing the language users employ for describing systems. This note gives an overview of the system 's features, including its capacity for generating diagnostic information for incorrect systems, and discusses some of its applications. 1 Introduction The NCSU Concurrency Workbench (NCSU-CWB) [1] supports the automatic verification of finite-state concurrent systems. The main goal of the system is to provide users with a tool that is flexible and easy to use and yet whose performance is competitive with that of existing special-purpose tools. In support of the former, and like its predecessor, the (Edinburgh) Concurrency Workbench [9, 15], the NCSU-CWB includes implementations of decision procedures for calculating a number of different behavioral equivalences and preorders between systems and for determining whe...

. In this paper we present a new technique for performance modelling and a tool supporting this approach. Performance Evaluation Process Algebra (PEPA) [1] is an algebraic language which can beused to build models of computer systems which capture information about the performance of the system. The PEPA language serves two purposes as a formal description language for computer system models. The performance-related information in the model may be used to predict the performance of the system whereas the behavioural information in the model may be exploited when reasoning about the functional behaviour of the system (e.g. when finding deadlocks or when exhibiting equivalences between sub-components). In this paper we concentrate on the performance aspects of the language. A method of reasoningaboutPEPA modelsproceedsby considering the derivation graph obtained from the model using the underlying operational semantics of the PEPA language. The derivation graph is systematically reduced ...

This dissertation provides a framework for modularity in programming languages. In this framework, known as Jigsaw, inheritance is understood to be an essential linguistic mechanism for module manipulation. In Jigsaw, the roles of classes in existing languages are "unbundled," by providing a suite of operators independently controlling such effects as combination, modification, encapsulation, name resolution, and sharing, all on the single notion of module. All module operators are forms of inheritance. Thus, inheritance is not in conflict with modularity in this system, but is indeed its foundation. This allows a previously unobtainable spectrum of features to be combined in a cohesive manner, including multiple inheritance, mixins, encapsulation and strong typing. Jigsaw has a rigorous semantics, based upon a denotational model of inheritance. Jigsaw provides a notion of modularity independent of a particular computational paradigm. Jigsaw can therefore be applied to a wide variet...

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Abstract. A formulation of semantic theories for processes which is based on reduction relation and equational reasoning is studied. The new construction can induce meaningful theories for processes, both in strong and weak settings. The resulting theories in many cases coincide with, and sometimes generalise, observation-based formulation of behavioural equivalence. The basic construction of reduction-based theories is studied, taking a simple name passing calculus called \nu-calculus as an example. Results on other calculi are also briefly discussed.

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. We present algorithms for computing similarity relations of labeled graphs. Similarity relations have applications for the refinement and verification of reactive systems. For finite graphs, we present an O(mn) algorithm for computing the similarity relation of a graph with n vertices and m edges (assuming m n). For effectively presented infinite graphs, we present a symbolic similarity-checking procedure that terminates if a finite similarity relation exists. We show that 2D rectangular automata, which model discrete reactive systems with continuous environments, define effectively presented infinite graphs with finite similarity relations. It follows that the refinement problem and the 8CTL model-checking problem are decidable for 2D rectangular automata. 1 Introduction A labeled graph G = (V; E;A; hh\Deltaii) consist of a (possibly infinite) set V of vertices, a set E ` V 2 of edges, a set A of labels, and a function hh\Deltaii : V ! A that maps each vertex v to a label hh...

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An abstract definition of bisimulation is presented. It enables a uniform definition of bisimulation across a range of different models for parallel computation presented as categories. As examples, transition systems, synchronisation trees, transition systems with independence (an abstraction from Petri nets) and labelled event structures are considered. On transition systems the abstract definition readily specialises to Milner's strong bisimulation. On event structures it explains and leads to a revision of history-preserving bisimulation of Rabinovitch and Traktenbrot, Goltz and van Glabeek. A tie-up with open maps in a (pre)topos, as they appear in the work of Joyal and Moerdijk, brings to light a promising new model, presheaves on categories of pomsets, into which the usual category of labelled event structures embeds fully and faithfully. As an indication of its promise, this new presheaf model has "refinement" operators, though further work is required to justify their appropriateness and understand their relation to previous attempts. The general approach yields a logic, generalising Hennessy-Milner logic, which is characteristic for the generalised notion of bisimulation.