than by localization. Lower part of inferior parietal lobule and posterior parts of middle and inferior frontal gyri were more activated, bilaterally, by localization than by recognition. Regions selectively activated by sound recognition, but not those selectively activated by localization, were significantly larger in women. Passive listening paradigm revealed segregated pathways on superior temporal gyrus and inferior parietal lobule. Thus, anatomically distinct networks are involved in sound recognition and sound localization. 2001 Academic Press INTRODUCTION Hearing a sound in natural surroundings conveys at least two types of information. It allows us to identify the sound source and determine its position in space. While evidence from psychophysical studies suggests that sound recognition and sound localization are processed independently (Clarke et al., 1998), evidence from activation and neuropsychological studies demonstrates the involvement of distributed cortical network

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Booth, James R., Brian Macwhinney, Keith R. Thulbom, Kelley Sacco, James Voyvodic, and Heidi M. Feldman. Functional Organization of Activation Patterns in Children: Whole Brain fMRI Imaging During Three Different Cognitive Tasks. Progress in Neuro-Psychophamacol & Biol. Psychiat. 1999, 23, pp. 669-682. 01999 Elsevier Science Inc. 1. Patterns of brain activation were measured with whole brain echo-planar functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) at 3.0 Tesla in healthy children and in one child with a lefthemisphere encephalomalacic lesion as sequellae from early stroke. 2. Three cognitive tasks were used: auditory sentence comprehension, verb generation to line drawings, and mental rotation of alphanumeric stimuli. 3. There was evidence for significant bilateral activation in all three cognitive tasks for the healthy children. Their patterns of activation were consistent with previous functional imaging studies with adults. 4. The child with a left-hemisphere stroke showed evidence of homologous organization in the nondamaged hemisphere. Kevwords: cognitive processing, functional magnetic resonance imaging, pediatric, stroke Abbreviations: magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)