. Within the setting of the categorical approach to programming with total functions, a \many-in-one" recursion scheme is introduced that neatly unies a variety of recursion schemes looking as diverging generalizations of the basic recursion scheme of iteration. The scheme is doubly generic: in addition to behaving uniformly with respect to a functor determining an inductive type, it is also uniform in a comonad and a distributive law which together determine a particular recursion scheme for this inductive type. By way of examples, it is shown to subsume iteration, a scheme subsuming primitive recursion, and a scheme subsuming course-of-value iteration.

Abstract. A generic compact printer and a corresponding parser are constructed. These programs transform values of any regular datatype to and from a bit stream. The algorithms are constructed along with a proof that printing followed by parsing is the identity. Since the binary representation is very compact, the printer can be used for compressing data- possibly supplemented with some standard algorithm for compressing bit streams. The compact printer and the parser are described in the polytypic Haskell extension PolyP. 1

A generic program is written once and works on values of many data types. Generic Haskell is a recent extension of the functional programming language Haskell that supports generic programming. This paper discusses how Generic Haskell can be used to implement XML tools whose behaviour depends on the DTD or Schema of the input XML document. Example tools include XML editors, databases, and compressors. Generic Haskell is ideally suited for implementing XML tools: .

Abstract: This paper introduces a calculus of state-based software components modelled as concrete coalgebras for some Set endofunctors, with specified initial conditions. The calculus is parametrized by a notion of behaviour, introduced as a strong (usually commutative) monad. The proposed component model and calculus are illustrated through the characterisation of a particular class of components, classified as separable, which includes the ones arising in the so-called model oriented approach to systems’ design.

Given any value of a datatype (an algebra of terms), and rules to rewrite values of that datatype, we want a function that rewrites the value to normal form if the value is normalizable. This paper develops a polytypic rewriting function that uses the parallel innermost rewriting strategy. It improves upon our earlier work on polytypic rewriting in two fundamental ways. Firstly, the rewriting function uses a term interface that hides the polytypic part from the rest of the program. The term interface is a framework for polytypic programming on terms. This implies that the rewriting function is independent of the particular implementation of polytypism. We give several functions and laws on terms, which simplify calculating with programs. Secondly, the rewriting function is developed together with a correctness proof. We just present the result of the correctness proof, the proof itself is published elsewhere.

. This paper presents a polytypic implementation of memo functions that are based on digital search trees. A memo function can be seen as the composition of a tabulation function that creates a memo table and a look-up function that queries the table. We show that tabulation can be derived from look-up by inverse function construction. The type of memo tables is dened by induction on the structure of argument types and is parametric with respect to the result type of memo functions. A memo table for a xed argument type is then a functor and look-up and tabulation are natural isomorphisms. We provide simple polytypic proofs of these properties. 1 Introduction A memo function [11] is like an ordinary function except that it caches previously computed values. If it is applied a second time to a particular argument, it immediately returns the cached result, rather than recomputing it. For storing arguments and results a memo function internally employs an index structure, the ...

The approximation lemma is a simplification of the well-known take lemma, and is used to prove properties of programs that produce lists of values. We show how the approximation lemma, unlike the take lemma, can naturally be generalised from lists to a large class of datatypes, and present a generic approximation lemma that is parametric in the datatype to which it applies. As a useful by-product, we find that generalising the approximation lemma in this way also simplifies its proof. Keywords: Programming calculi; Functional Programming 1 Introduction The standard proof method for programs that consume lists of values is structural induction. However, this method is not applicable to the dual case of programs that produce lists of values, because in general such programs do not have a list argument over which to perform induction. Proof methods that are applicable to such programs have recently been surveyed in [6], and include fixpoint induction [4], the take lemma [3], coin...

Fusion laws permit to eliminate various of the intermediate data structures that are created in function compositions. The fusion laws associated with the traditional recursive operators on datatypes cannot in general be used to transform recursive programs with effects. Motivated by this fact, this paper addresses the definition of two recursive operators on datatypes that capture functional programs with effects. Effects are assumed to be modeled by monads. The main goal is thus the derivation of fusion laws for the new operators. One of the new operators is called monadic unfold. It captures programs (with effects) that generate a data structure in a standard way. The other operator is called monadic hylomorphism, and corresponds to programs formed by the composition of a monadic unfold followed by a function defined by structural induction on the data structure that the monadic unfold generates. 1 Introduction A common approach to program design in functional programmin...

Design patterns are reusable abstractions in object-oriented software. However, using current programming languages, these elements can only be expressed extra-linguistically: as prose, pictures, and prototypes. We believe that this is not inherent in the patterns themselves, but evidence of a lack of expressivity in the languages of today. We expect that, in the languages of the future, design patterns will be expressible as reusable library code. Indeed, we claim that the languages of tomorrow will suffice; the future is not far away. The necessary features are higher-order and datatypegeneric constructs; these features are already or nearly available now. We argue the case by presenting higher-order datatypegeneric programs capturing ORIGAMI, a small pattern language of recursive data structures.

which are eventually used in later stages of the computation. We present a generic definition of accumulations, achieved by the introduction of a new recursive operator on inductive types. We also show that the notion of downwards accumulation developed by Gibbons is subsumed by our notion of accumulation.