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118
Data Mountain: Using Spatial Memory for Document Management
, 1998
"... Effective management of documents on computers has been a central user interface problem for many years. One common approach involves using 2D spatial layouts of icons representing the documents, particularly for information workspace tasks. This approach takes advantage of human 2D spatial cognitio ..."
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Cited by 273 (14 self)
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Effective management of documents on computers has been a central user interface problem for many years. One common approach involves using 2D spatial layouts of icons representing the documents, particularly for information workspace tasks. This approach takes advantage of human 2D spatial cognition. More recently, several 3D spatial layouts have engaged 3D spatial cognition capabilities. Some have attempted to use spatial memory in 3D virtual environments. However, there has been no proof to date that spatial memory works the same way in 3D virtual environments as it does in the real world. We describe a new technique for document management called the Data Mountain, which allows users to place documents at arbitrary positions on an inclined plane in a 3D desktop virtual environment using a simple 2D interaction technique. We discuss how the design evolved in response to user feedback. We also describe a user study that shows that the Data Mountain does take advantage of spatial memo...
Pad++: A zoomable graphical sketchpad for exploring alternate interface physics
, 1996
"... user interface management system (UIMS). We describe Pad++, a zoomable graphical sketchpad that we are exploring as an alternative to traditional window and icon-based interfaces. We discuss the motivation for Pad++, describe the implementation, and present prototype applications. In addition, we in ..."
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Cited by 163 (34 self)
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user interface management system (UIMS). We describe Pad++, a zoomable graphical sketchpad that we are exploring as an alternative to traditional window and icon-based interfaces. We discuss the motivation for Pad++, describe the implementation, and present prototype applications. In addition, we introduce an informational physics strategy for interface design and briefly contrast it with current design strategies. We envision a rich world of dynamic persistent informational entities that operate according to multiple physics specifically designed to provide cognitively facile access and serve as the basis for design of new computationally-based work materials. 1 To appear in the Journal of Visual Languages and Computing.
Optimizing Dynamically-Dispatched Calls with Run-Time Type Feedback
, 1994
"... Object-oriented programs are difficult to optimize because they execute many dynamically-dispatched calls. These calls cannot easily be eliminated because the compiler does not know which callee will be invoked at runtime. We have developed a simple technique that feeds back type information from t ..."
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Cited by 159 (8 self)
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Object-oriented programs are difficult to optimize because they execute many dynamically-dispatched calls. These calls cannot easily be eliminated because the compiler does not know which callee will be invoked at runtime. We have developed a simple technique that feeds back type information from the runtime system to the compiler. With this type feedback, the compiler can inline any dynamically-dispatched call. Our compiler drastically reduces the call frequency of a suite of large SELF applications (by a factor of 3.6) and improves performance by a factor of 1.7. We believe that type feedback could significantly reduce call frequencies and improve performance for most other object-oriented languages (statically-typed or not) as well as for languages with type-dependent operations such as generic arithmetic.
The Amulet Environment: New Models for Effective User Interface Software Development
- IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SOFTWARE ENGINEERING
, 1996
"... The Amulet user interface development environment makes it easier for programmers to create highly-interactive, graphical user interface software for Unix, Windows or Macintosh. Amulet uses new models for objects, constraints, animation, input, output, commands, and undo. The object system is a prot ..."
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Cited by 146 (27 self)
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The Amulet user interface development environment makes it easier for programmers to create highly-interactive, graphical user interface software for Unix, Windows or Macintosh. Amulet uses new models for objects, constraints, animation, input, output, commands, and undo. The object system is a prototype-instance model in which there is no distinction between classes and instances or between methods and data. The constraint system allows any value of any object to be computed by arbitrary code and supports multiple constraint solvers. Animations can be attached to existing objects with a single line of code. Input from the user is handled by "Interactor" objects which support reuse of behavior objects. The output model provides a declarative definition of the graphics, and supports automatic refresh. Command objects encapsulate all of the information needed about operations, including support for various ways to undo them. An key feature of the Amulet design is that all graphical objec...
Presto: An Experimental Architecture for Fluid Interactive Document Spaces
- ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction
, 1999
"... Abstract. Traditional document systems use hierarchical filing structures as the basis for organising, storing and retrieving documents. However, this structure is very limited in comparison with the rich and varied forms of document interaction and category management in everyday document use. Pres ..."
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Cited by 139 (4 self)
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Abstract. Traditional document systems use hierarchical filing structures as the basis for organising, storing and retrieving documents. However, this structure is very limited in comparison with the rich and varied forms of document interaction and category management in everyday document use. Presto is a prototype document management system providing rich interaction with documents through meaningful, user-level document attributes, such as “Word file”, “published paper”, “shared with Jim”, “about Presto ” or “currently in progress”. Document attributes capture the multiple different roles that a single document might play, and allow users to rapidly reorganise their document space for the task at hand. They provide a basis for novel document systems design and new approaches to document management and interaction. In this article, we outline the motivations behind this approach, describe the principal components of our implementation, discuss architectural consequences, and show how these support new forms of interaction with large personal document spaces.
SATIN: A toolkit for informal ink-based applications
- Proceedings of UIST: ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology
, 2000
"... Software support for making effective pen-based applications is currently rudimentary. To facilitate the creation of such applications, we have developed SATIN, a Java-based toolkit designed to support the creation of applications that leverage the informal nature of pens. This support includes a sc ..."
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Cited by 123 (9 self)
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Software support for making effective pen-based applications is currently rudimentary. To facilitate the creation of such applications, we have developed SATIN, a Java-based toolkit designed to support the creation of applications that leverage the informal nature of pens. This support includes a scenegraph for manipulating and rendering objects; support for zooming and rotating objects, switching between multiple views of an object, integration of pen input with interpreters, libraries for manipulating ink strokes, widgets optimized for pens, and compatibility with Java’s Swing toolkit. SATIN includes a generalized architecture for handling pen input, consisting of recognizers, interpreters, and multi-interpreters. In this paper, we describe the functionality and architecture of SATIN, using two applications built with SATIN as examples.
Adaptive optimization for self: Reconciling high PERFORMANCE WITH EXPLORATORY PROGRAMMING
, 1994
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Galaxy of News - An Approach to Visualizing and Understanding Expansive News Landscapes
, 1994
"... The Galaxy of News system embodies an approach to visualizing large quantities of independently authored pieces of information, in this case news stories. At the heart of this system is a powerful relationship construction engine that constructs an associative relation network to automatically build ..."
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Cited by 105 (1 self)
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The Galaxy of News system embodies an approach to visualizing large quantities of independently authored pieces of information, in this case news stories. At the heart of this system is a powerful relationship construction engine that constructs an associative relation network to automatically build implicit links between related articles. To visualize these relationships, and hence the news information space, the Galaxy of News uses pyramidal structuring and visual presentation, semantic zooming and panning, animated visual cues that are dynamically constructed to illustrate relationships between articles, and fluid interaction in a three dimensional information space to browse and search through large databases of news articles. The result is a tool that allows people to quickly gain a broad understanding of a news base by providing an abstracted presentation that covers the entire information base, and through interaction, progressively refines the details of the information space. ...
Focus plus context screens: combining display technology with visualization techniques
- in Proceedings of the 14th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology. ACM
"... Computer users working with large visual documents, such as large layouts, blueprints, or maps perform tasks that require them to simultaneously access overview in-formation while working on details. To avoid the need for zooming, users currently have to choose between us-ing a sufficiently large sc ..."
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Cited by 105 (6 self)
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Computer users working with large visual documents, such as large layouts, blueprints, or maps perform tasks that require them to simultaneously access overview in-formation while working on details. To avoid the need for zooming, users currently have to choose between us-ing a sufficiently large screen or applying appropriate visualization techniques. Currently available hi-res “wall-size ” screens, however, are cost-intensive, space-intensive, or both. Visualization techniques allow the user to more efficiently use the given screen space, but in exchange they either require the user to switch between multiple views or they introduce distortion. In this paper, we present a novel approach to simultane-ously display focus and context information. Focus plus context screens consist of a hi-res display and a larger low-res display. Image content is displayed such that the scaling of the display content is preserved, while its reso-lution may vary according to which display region it is displayed in. Focus plus context screens are applicable to practically all tasks that currently use overviews or fish-eye views, but unlike these visualization techniques, fo-cus plus context screens provide a single, non-distorted view. We present a prototype that seamlessly integrates an LCD with a projection screen and demonstrate four applications that we have adapted so far. Keywords Display, focus plus context screen, mixed resolution, overview plus detail, fisheye view, video projector.
Does Animation Help Users Build Mental Maps of Spatial Information
- In Proceedings of Information Visualization Symposium (InfoVis 99
, 1999
"... We examine how animating a viewpoint change in a spatial information system affects a user’s ability to build a mental map of the information in the space. We found that animation improves users ' ability to reconstruct the information space, with no penalty on task performance time. We believe ..."
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Cited by 97 (15 self)
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We examine how animating a viewpoint change in a spatial information system affects a user’s ability to build a mental map of the information in the space. We found that animation improves users ' ability to reconstruct the information space, with no penalty on task performance time. We believe that this study provides strong evidence for adding animated transitions in many applications with fixed spatial data where the user navigates around the data space.
