The Java Modeling Language (JML) can be used to specify the detailed design of Java classes and interfaces by adding annotations to Java source files. The aim of JML is to provide a specification language that is easy to use for Java programmers and that is supported by a wide range of tools for specification type-checking, runtime debugging, static analysis, and verification. This paper

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We present a new method purity analysis for Java programs. A method is pure if it does not mutate any location that exists in the program state right before method invocation. Our analysis is built on top of a combined pointer and escape analysis for Java programs and is capable of determining that methods are pure even when the methods do heap mutation, provided that the mutation affects only objects created after the beginning of the method. Because our analysis extracts...

Executability provides an important mechanism for validating formal specifications and allows such specifications to serve as prototypes and test oracles. In this case study, we used the jmle tool to execute the JML specifications of an electronic purse application written in the Java Card dialect of Java. This effort resulted in numerous improvements to the specification and to the jmle tool itself, as well as insight into how executability can contribute to the use of formal methods in the software development process.