ABSTRACT. For any rational number r, we show that there exists a set A (weak truthtable reducible to the halting problem) such that any set B weak truth-table reducible to it has effective Hausdorff dimension at most r, where A itself has dimension at least r. This implies, for any rational r, the existence of a wtt-lower cone of effective dimension r. 1.

We apply recent results on extracting randomness from independent sources to "extract " Kolmogorov complexity. For any ff; ffl? 0, given a string x with K(x) ? ffjxj, we show how to use a constant number of advice bits to efficiently compute another string y, jyj = \Omega (jxj), with K(y) ? (1 \Gamma ffl)jyj. This result holds for both classical and space-bounded Kolmogorov complexity. We use the extraction procedure for space-bounded complexity to establish zero-one laws for polynomial-space strong dimension. Our results include: (i) If Dimpspace(E) ? 0, then Dimpspace(E=O(1)) = 1. (ii) Dim(E=O(1) j ESPACE) is either 0 or 1. (iii) Dim(E=poly j ESPACE) is either 0 or 1. In other words,

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Four classes of sets have been introduced independently by various researchers: low for K, low for ML-randomness, basis for ML-randomness and K-trivial. They are all equal. This survey serves as an introduction to these coincidence results, obtained in [24] and [10]. The focus is on providing backdoor access to the proofs. 1. Outline of the results All sets will be subsets of N unless otherwise stated. K(x) denotes the prefix free complexity of a string x. A set A is K-trivial if, within a constant, each initial segment of A has minimal prefix free complexity. That is, there is c ∈ N such that ∀n K(A ↾ n) ≤ K(0 n) + c. This class was introduced by Chaitin [5] and further studied by Solovay (unpublished). Note that the particular effective epresentation of a number n by a string (unary here) is irrelevant, since up to a constant K(n) is independent from the representation. A is low for Martin-Löf randomness if each Martin-Löf random set is already Martin-Löf random relative to A. This class was defined in Zambella [28], and studied by Kučera and Terwijn [17]. In this survey we will see that the two classes are equivalent [24]. Further concepts have been introduced: to be a basis for ML-randomness (Kučera [16]), and to be low for K (Muchnik jr, in a seminar at Moscow State, 1999). They will also be eliminated, by showing equivalence with K-triviality. All

Abstract. Strong jump traceability has been studied by various authors. In this paper we study a variant of strong jump traceability by looking at a partial relativization of traceability. We discover a new subclass H of the c.e. K-trivials with some interesting properties. These sets are computationally very weak, but yet contains a cuppable member. Surprisingly they cannot be constructed using cost functions, and is the first known example of a subclass of the K-trivials which does not contain any promptly simple member. Furthermore there is a single c.e. set which caps every member of H, demonstrating that they are in fact very far away from being promptly simple. 1.

Hausdorff dimension assigns a dimension value to each subset of an arbitrary metric space. In Euclidean space, this concept coincides with our intuition that

We construct a Π0 1-class X that has classical packing dimension 0 and effective packing dimension 1. This implies that, unlike in the case of effective Hausdorff dimension, there is no natural correspondence principle (as defined by Lutz) for effective packing dimension. We also examine the relationship between upper box dimension and packing A major theme of computability theory is the effectivization of classical mathematics. To do this one takes an existing (i.e. classical) mathematical notion and develops a new computability-theoretic analogue of that notion. Afterwards, one tries to determine the similarities and differences between the

Abstract. A relatively longstanding question in algorithmic randomness is Jan Reimann’s question whether there is a Turing cone of broken dimension. That is, is there a real A such that {B: B ≤T A} contains no 1-random real, yet contains elements of nonzero effective Hausdorff Dimension? We show that the answer is affirmative if Hausdorff dimension is replaced by its inner analogue packing dimension. We construct a minimal degree of effective packing dimension 1. This leads us to examine the Turing degrees of reals with positive effective packing dimension. Unlike effective Hausdorff dimension, this is a notion of complexity which is shared by both random and sufficiently generic reals. We provide a characterization of the c.e. array noncomputable degrees in terms of effective packing dimension. 1.

Abstract. We show that there is a low T-upper bound for the class of Ktrivial sets, namely those which are weak from the point of view of algorithmic randomness. This result is a special case of a more general characterization of ideals in ∆0 2 T-degrees for which there is a low T-upper bound. 1.