Uma rede estatística é uma cole,cão de nós representando variáveis aleatórias e um conjunto de arestas que ligam os nós. Um modelo estocástico por isso e chamado um modelo gráfico. Estes modelos, de gráficos e redes, sáo particularmente úteis para examinar as dependéncias estatísticas baseadas em condi,coes do tipo das que ocorrem frequentemente em economia e estatística. Neste artigo as variáveis aleatórias dos nós serão séries temporais ou processos pontuais. Os casos de gráfos direcionados e não-direcionados são apresentados. A statistical network is a collection of nodes representing random variables and a set of edges that connect the nodes. A probabilistic model for such is called a graphi-cal model. These models, graphs and networks are particularly useful for examining statistical dependencies based on conditioning as often occurs in economics and statis-tics. In this paper the nodal random variables will be time series or point proceses. The cases of undirected and directed graphs are focussed on.

We formulate nonparametric and semiparametric hypothesis testing of multivariate stationary linear time series in a unified fashion and propose new test statistics based on estimators of the spectral density matrix. The limiting distributions of these test statistics under null hypotheses are always normal distributions, and they can be implemented easily for practical use. If null hypotheses are false, as the sample size goes to infinity, they diverge to infinity and consequently are consistent tests for any alternative. The approach can be applied to various null hypotheses such as the independence between the component series, the equality of the autocovariance functions or the autocorrelation functions of the component series, the separability of the covariance matrix function and the time reversibility. Furthermore, a null hypothesis with a nonlinear constraint like the conditional independence between the two series can be tested in the same way. 1. Introduction. One