Social behavior is ordinarily treated as being under conscious (if not always thoughtful) control. Howmer, considerable evidence now supports the view that social behavior often operates in an implicit or unconscious fashion. The identifying feature of implicit cognition is that past experience influences judgment in a fashion not introspectively known by the actor. The present conclusion-that attitudes, self-esteem, and stereotypes have important implicit modes of operation-xtends both the construct validity and predictive usefulness of these major theoretical constructs of social psychology. Methodologically, this review calls for inmased use of indirect measures--which are imperative in studies of implicit cognition. The theorized ordinariness of implicit stereotyping is consistent with r ent findings of discrimination by people who explicitly disavow prejudice. The finding that implicit cognitive effects arc often reduced by focusing judges ' attention on their judg-ment task provides a basis for evaluating applications (such as affirmative action) aimed at reducing such unintended discrimination. Long before they became central to other areas of psycholog-ical theory, concepts of cognitive mediation dominated the anal-ysis of social behavior. The constructs on which this article fo-

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GLOBE (Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness) is a research program focusing on culture and leadership in 61 nations. National cultures are examined in terms of nine dimensions: performance orientation, future orientation, assertiveness, power distance, humane orientation, institutional collectivism, in-group collectivism, uncertainty avoidance, and gender egalitarianism. In a survey of thousands of middle managers in food processing, finance, and telecommunications industries in these countries, GLOBE compares their cultures and attributes of effective leadership. Six global leadership attributes are identified and discussed.

Abstract. This research outline refers to the validation of interventional strategies to increase the learner’s motivation and self-efficacy in an on-line learning environment. Previous work in this area is mainly based on Keller’s ARCS model of instructional design and this study argues for an approach based on Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory – especially the aspects of self-efficacy and self-regulation. The research plan envisages two phases: The first phase will extract rules for interventional strategy selection from expert teachers. The second phase aims to validate these rules by providing to the learner the selected strategy and observing the resulting behavior. 1 Self-efficacy in Adaptive On-line Learning On-line education is one of the most dynamic and potentially enriching forms of learning that exists today. However, attrition rates for on-line learning courses, which tend to be 40 % to 50 % higher than traditional classroom courses (Dille & Metzack, 1991) is a serious problem resulting in personal, occupational and financial implications for both students and academic institutions. Motivation to learn is affected by a student’s selfefficacy,

The importance of and the fast changes in the CIO's role in organizations are widely recognized. So is the need for CIOs to acquire the appropriate set of knowledge and managerial skills to lead the organization's effort in effectively using Information Technology. This study is based on an extensive survey of the literature addressing the desirable features of modern CIOs and the Information system area main activities. This study aims at evaluate (1) the impact of such features on the management performance of the IS department main activities and (2) their consequent impact on overall company performance. To empirically test these two relationships, 111 CEOs of companies located in Northern Italy were interviewed. The analysis of collected data provides some insights on the desirable features for modern CIOs, which in turn can be useful for CIO recruiting and professional development, and highlight the importance to properly manage the IS subfunctions in order to improve overall company performance.

A qualitative , hermeneutic inquiry was undertaken for the purpose of understanding the meaning of nurse-patient interactions from the perspective of the patient. A philosophical stance of hermeneutics was used to guide data collection and interpretation . The nursing theory of Modeling and Role-Modeling (Erickson, Tomlin, & Swain, 1983) provided a framework for beginning to understand the patient's world. The participant's perception and interpretation of all interactions was accepted as the salient reality.

Goal-seeking behavior in a connectionist model is demonstrated using the examples of foraging by a simulated ant and cooperative nest-building by a pair of simulated birds. The model, a control neural network, translates needs into responses. The purpose of this work is to produce lifelike behavior with a goal-seeking artificial neural network. The foraging ant example illustrates the intermediation of neurons to guide the ant to a goal in a semi-predictable environment. In the nest-building example, both birds, executing gender-specific networks, exhibit social nesting and feeding behavior directed toward multiple goals.

This research examines the link between culture and consumer phenomena by focusing on the relationship between cultural orientation and mental representations of power. We distinguish among cultures that foster associations of power with statusenhancing concerns, those that encourage associations of power with concerns for the welfare of others, and those that do not emphasize the use of power as a theme for organizing social information. The research builds upon the relatively new distinction in the study of culture between horizontal (valuing equality) and vertical (emphasizing status and power) cultural orientations. We analyze implications of this distinction in view of research about the effects of power on goal activation and motivated impression formation. Integrating these approaches, we develop a framework for linking cultural orientation with distinct mental representations of power. This helps us to predict the power-related goals that individuals with different cultural orientations activate in a given context. In turn, these goals determine individuals ’ information-processing strategies when evaluating product information, and their subsequent judgments and actions. We

of children, ages 6-11 A critical review of literature pertaining to the psychological measures used in Cycle 11, with recommendations concerning validity, reliability, and applicabil ity to the Survey data. DHEW Publication No. (HRA) 75-1295

This master’s thesis has been conducted at AstraZeneca’s production site in Snäckviken. It covers 30 credit points and is performed at the division of production economics at Linköping University. The project is the last phase of our master’s degree in Science of Mechanical Engineering and it has given us the opportunity to practise the expertise gained during the education. At Linköping University we have had an excellent support from our supervisor Johan Johansson. And have had the honour to participate in a bigger academia-business project called the PIC-LI. This master’s thesis would not have been possible to perform without the help and support from the employees at API and especially the maintenance engineers which have given us important input to the project. We want to express special thanks to our two supervisors at AstraZeneca, Andreas Jaensson and Johan Gester; who has showed great commitment and helped us during this period.