This Working Paper relates to the CBR Research Programme on Small and Most previous research comparing innovation activity in the manufacturing and service sectors has taken insufficient account of the variation in the intensity and nature of innovation activity within those sectors. We address this question using a simple sectoral split and applying it to manufacturing and the business services sector. The results indicate that in some respects there is greater variation in innovation activity within manufacturing and business services than between them. In addition, there is strong similarity between corresponding groupings in each sector. Clear distinctions in innovation patterns do exist between the manufacturing and business service sectors, and imply a considerable depth of technological innovation capability within both sectors. These results imply that the supposed differences in innovation between manufacturing and services may have been exaggerated in earlier research. A previous version of this paper was presented at a workshop entitled “Conceptualising and Measuring Service Innovation ” at the Centre for Research in Innovation and Competition (CRIC) at Manchester Business School in May

This is a report from the project Services In Innovation, Innovation In Services – Services in European Innovation Systems (SI4S). This project has been funded by the European Commission, through the Targeted Socio-Economic Research Programme (TSER), within Area I: Evaluation of science and technology policy options in Europe under contract no. ERB-SOE1-CT-96-1015. Contributions of the TSER programme is gratefully acknowledged. Compiled by Rob Bilderbeek, Pim den Hertog, Göran Marklund, Ian Miles, drawing on numerous contributions from SI4S team

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technology policy options in Europe under contract no. ERB-SOE1-CT-96-1015. Contributions of the

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In the unfolding knowledge-based economy, services do matter. But while they are increasingly seen to play a pivotal role in innovation processes, there is little by way of a systematic view of this role. This essay presents a four dimensional model of (services) innovation, that points to the significance of such non-technological factors in innovation as new service concepts, client interfaces and service delivery system. The various roles of service firms in innovation processes are mapped out by identifying 5 basic service innovation patterns. This framework is used to make an analysis of the role played by Knowledge Intensive Business Services (KIBS) in innovation. KIBS are seen to function as facilitator, carrier or source of innovation, and through their almost symbiotic relationship with client firms, some KIBS function as co-producers of innovation. It is further argued that, in addition to discrete and tangible forms of knowledge exchange, process-oriented and intangible forms of knowledge flows are crucial in such relationships. KIBS are hypothesised to be gradually developing into a ‘second knowledge infrastructure ’ in addition to the formal (public) ‘first knowledge infrastructure’, though there are liable to be cross-national variations in the spill-over effects from services innovation in and through KIBS, and in the degree to which KIBS are integrated with other economic activities. Finally, some implications for innovation management and innovation policy are discussed. KEY WORDS service innovation, innovation patterns, business services, knowledge infrastructure, innovation systems

In this paper the question is posed what communication science, especially in the Netherlands has contributed or can contribute to research in the field of information and communication technologies, and meaning of these technologies for communication within the information society. Attention will be paid to the domain of communication science and ICT. Developments in the field of technology, policy, industry but also in regard to communication and organization are discussed. An overview of the state of the art of ICT-research in the Netherlands and the Dutch speaking part of Belgium is given from the perspective of communication science, and subsequently, a research agenda will be proposed.

Despite a voluminous literature and widespread belief in the inherent value of innovation, our understanding of the innovation construct remains rudimentary. Extant research on innovation spans across a variety of disciplines and levels of analysis. Yet, the divergence in core assumptions and methodologies across disciplines, coupled with few systematic efforts to integrate findings, have seriously hampered the crossfertilization of research ideas in the field of innovation. The motivation for this work stems from the fragmentary nature of innovation research and the need for a more holistic, ecumenical outlook on innovation. We believe that this paper takes a step toward overcoming disciplinary myopia and a further step toward synthesizing the diverse innovation literature. In this paper, we provide a synopsis of the innovation literature, with an emphasis on how innovation may potentially be reframed to develop a more comprehensive understanding of the construct. To this end, the paper is structured as follows. First, we outline various semantic definitions of innovation and their lexical variants. We then briefly discuss three confluent, but distinct terms (creativity, invention and organizational change) often mistakenly perceived to be synonymous with innovation. Next, we delineate the levels of analysis associated with innovation research and describe exemplary research emerging from these domains. Finally, we identify a number of promising research directions and propose an integrative cross-level model of innovation to energize future innovation research. 3