We describe a constructive theory of computable functionals, based on the partial continuous functionals as their intendend domain. Such a task had long ago been started by Dana Scott [28], under the well-known abbreviation

The aim of this paper is to relate algebraic quantum mechanics to topos theory, so as to construct new foundations for quantum logic and quantum spaces. Motivated by Bohr’s idea that the empirical content of quantum physics is accessible only through classical physics, we show how a noncommutative C*-algebra of observables A induces a topos T (A) in which the amalgamation of all of its commutative subalgebras comprises a single commutative C*-algebra A. According to the constructive Gelfand duality theorem of Banaschewski and Mulvey, the latter has an internal spectrum �(A) in T (A), which in our approach plays the role of the quantum phase space of the system. Thus we associate a locale (which is the topos-theoretical notion of a space and which intrinsically carries the intuitionistic logical structure of a Heyting algebra) to a C*-algebra (which is the noncommutative notion of a space). In this setting, states on A become probability measures (more precisely, valuations) on �, and self-adjoint elements of A define continuous functions (more precisely, locale maps) from � to Scott’s interval domain. Noting that open subsets of �(A) correspond to propositions about the system, the pairing map that assigns a (generalized) truth value to a state and a proposition assumes an extremely simple categorical form. Formulated in this way, the quantum theory defined by A is essentially turned into a classical theory, internal to the topos T (A). These results were inspired by the topos-theoretic approach to quantum physics proposed by Butterfield and Isham, as recently generalized by Döring and Isham.

A pattern of interaction that arises again and again in programming, is a “handshake”, in which two agents exchange data. The exchange is thought of as provision of a service. Each interaction is initiated by a specific agent —the client or Angel, and concluded by the other —the server or Demon. We present a category in which the objects —called interaction structures in the paper — serve as descriptions of services provided across such handshaken interfaces. The morphisms —called (general) simulations— model components that provide one such service, relying on another. The morphisms are relations between the underlying sets of the interaction structures. The proof that a relation is a simulation can serve (in principle) as an executable program, whose specification is that it provides the service described by its domain, given an implementation of the service described by its codomain.

Dcpos can be presented by a preorder of generators and inequational relations expressed as covers. Algebraic operations on the generators (possibly with their results being ideals of generators) can be extended to the dcpo presented, provided the covers are “stable ” for the operations. The resulting dcpo algebra has a natural universal characterization and satisfies all the inequational laws satisfied by the generating algebra. Applications include known “coverage theorems ” from locale theory. 1

We will analyze some extensions of Martin-Löf’s constructive type theory by means of extensional set constructors and we will show that often the most natural requirements over them lead to classical logic or even to inconsistency. 1

We present an alternative solution to the problem of inductive generation of covers in formal topology by using a restricted form of type universes. These universes are at the same time constructive analogues of regular cardinals and sets of infinitary formulae.

Abstract. Following Lawvere, a generalized metric space (gms) is a set X equipped with a metric map from X 2 to the interval of upper reals (approximated from above but not from below) from 0 to ∞ inclusive, and satisfying the zero self-distance law and the triangle inequality. We describe a completion of gms’s by Cauchy filters of formal balls. In terms of Lawvere’s approach using categories enriched over [0, ∞], the Cauchy filters are equivalent to flat left modules. The completion generalizes the usual one for metric spaces. For quasimetrics it is equivalent to the Yoneda completion in its netwise form due to Künzi and Schellekens and thereby gives a new and explicit characterization of the points of the Yoneda completion. Non-expansive functions between gms’s lift to continuous maps between the completions. Various examples and constructions are given, including finite products. The completion is easily adapted to produce a locale, and that part of the work is constructively valid. The exposition illustrates the use of geometric logic to enable point-based reasoning for locales. 1.

Abstract. The paper studies how the localic notion of sublocale transfers to formal topology. For any formal topology (not necessarily with positivity predicate) we define a sublocale to be a cover relation that includes that of the formal topology. The family of sublocales has set-indexed joins. For each set of base elements there are corresponding open and closed sublocales, boolean complements of each other. They generate a boolean algebra amongst the sublocales. In the case of an inductively generated formal topology, the collection of inductively generated sublocales has coframe structure. Overt sublocales and weakly closed sublocales are described, and related via a new notion of “rest closed ” sublocale to the binary positivity predicate. Overt, weakly closed sublocales of an inductively generated formal topology are in bijection with “lower powerpoints”, arising from the impredicative theory of the lower powerlocale. Compact sublocales and fitted sublocales are described. Compact fitted sublocales of an inductively generated formal topology are in bijection with “upper powerpoints”, arising from the impredicative theory of the upper powerlocale. §1. Introduction. When one adopts a localic formulation of topology, sublocales

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