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35
Supertagging: An Approach to Almost Parsing
- Computational Linguistics
, 1999
"... this paper, we have proposed novel methods for robust parsing that integrate the flexibility of linguistically motivated lexical descriptions with the robustness of statistical techniques. Our thesis is that the computation of linguistic structure can be localized if lexical items are associated wit ..."
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Cited by 109 (17 self)
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this paper, we have proposed novel methods for robust parsing that integrate the flexibility of linguistically motivated lexical descriptions with the robustness of statistical techniques. Our thesis is that the computation of linguistic structure can be localized if lexical items are associated with rich descriptions (Supertags) that impose complex constraints in a local context. The supertags are designed such that only those elements on which the lexical item imposes constraints appear within a given supertag. Further, each lexical item is associated with as many supertags as the number of different syntactic contexts in which the lexical item can appear. This makes the number of different descriptions for each lexical item much larger, than when the descriptions are less complex; thus increasing the local ambiguity for a parser. But this local ambiguity can be resolved by using statistical distributions of supertag co-occurrences collected from a corpus of parses. We have explored these ideas in the context of Lexicalized Tree-Adjoining Grammar (LTAG) framework. The supertags in LTAG combine both phrase structure information and dependency information in a single representation. Supertag disambiguation results in a representation that is effectively a parse (almost parse), and the parser needs `only' combine the individual supertags. This method of parsing can also be used to parse sentence fragments such as in spoken utterances where the disambiguated supertag sequence may not combine into a single structure. 1 Introduction In this paper, we present a robust parsing approach called supertagging that integrates the flexibility of linguistically motivated lexical descriptions with the robustness of statistical techniques. The idea underlying the approach is that the ...
Tree Insertion Grammar: A Cubic-Time, Parsable Formalism that Lexicalizes Context-Free Grammar without Changing the Trees Produced
- Computational Linguistics
, 1994
"... this paper, we study the problem of lexicalizing context-free grammars and show that it enables faster processing. In previous attempts to take advantage of lexicalization, a variety of lexicalization procedures have been developed that convert context-free grammars (CFGs) into equivalent lexicalize ..."
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Cited by 69 (1 self)
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this paper, we study the problem of lexicalizing context-free grammars and show that it enables faster processing. In previous attempts to take advantage of lexicalization, a variety of lexicalization procedures have been developed that convert context-free grammars (CFGs) into equivalent lexicalized grammars. However, these procedures typically suffer from one or more of the following problems
A Lexicalized Tree Adjoining Grammar for English
, 1995
"... This document describes a sizable grammar of English written in the TAG formalism and implemented for use with the XTAG system. This report and the grammar described herein supersedes the TAG grammar described in [Abeill'e et al., 1990]. The English grammar described in this report is based on the T ..."
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Cited by 39 (0 self)
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This document describes a sizable grammar of English written in the TAG formalism and implemented for use with the XTAG system. This report and the grammar described herein supersedes the TAG grammar described in [Abeill'e et al., 1990]. The English grammar described in this report is based on the TAG formalism developed in [Joshi et al., 1975], which has been extended to include lexicalization ([Schabes et al., 1988]), and unification-based feature structures ([Vijay-Shanker and Joshi, 1991]). The grammar discussed in this report extends the grammar presented in [Abeill'e et al., 1990] in at least two ways. First, this grammar has more detailed linguistic analyses, and second, the grammar presented in this paper is fully implemented. The range of syntactic phenomena that can be handled is large and includes auxiliaries (including inversion), copula, raising and small clause constructions, topicalization, relative clauses, infinitives, gerunds, passives, adjuncts, it-clefts, wh-clefts,...
Connectionist Syntactic Parsing Using Temporal Variable Binding
- Journal of Psycholinguistic Research
"... Recent developments in connectionist architectures for symbolic computation have made it possible to investigate parsing in a connectionist network while still taking advantage of the large body of work on parsing in symbolic frameworks. The work discussed here investigates syntactic parsing in the ..."
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Cited by 27 (3 self)
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Recent developments in connectionist architectures for symbolic computation have made it possible to investigate parsing in a connectionist network while still taking advantage of the large body of work on parsing in symbolic frameworks. The work discussed here investigates syntactic parsing in the temporal synchrony variable binding model of symbolic computation in a connectionist network. This computational architecture solves the basic problem with previous connectionist architectures, while keeping their advantages. However, the architecture does have some limitations, which impose constraints on parsing in this architecture. Despite these constraints, the architecture is computationally adequate for syntactic parsing. In addition, the constraints make some significant linguistic predictions. These arguments are made using a specific parsing model. The extensive use of partial descriptions of phrase structure trees is crucial to the ability of this model to recover the syntactic st...
Argument Structure and Case Assignment in German
- German in Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar, CSLI Lecture Notes, number 46. Center for the Study of Language and Information, Stanford, chapter 6
, 1993
"... this paper). Assuming a structure as: (24) [Der Mann] 1 [sucht] 2 [t 1 den Hund t 2 ] where the subscripts on the traces correspond to structure sharing of the synsem values, the same analysis as for the subordinate clause (23) can be maintained: nominative is assigned to the trace and inherited by ..."
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Cited by 25 (3 self)
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this paper). Assuming a structure as: (24) [Der Mann] 1 [sucht] 2 [t 1 den Hund t 2 ] where the subscripts on the traces correspond to structure sharing of the synsem values, the same analysis as for the subordinate clause (23) can be maintained: nominative is assigned to the trace and inherited by the preposed noun phrase, the positional restriction is only on the trace, whereas the positional restrictions on the preposed noun phrase result from the standard filler mechanism. 6.2 Argument Reduction
Multiset-Valued Linear Index Grammars: Imposing Dominance Constraints on Derivations
, 1994
"... This paper defines multiset-valued linear index gram- mar and unordered vector grammar with dominance links. The former models certain uses of multisetvalued feature structures in unification-based for- malisms, while the latter is motivated by word order variation and by "quasi-trees", a generaliz ..."
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Cited by 18 (9 self)
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This paper defines multiset-valued linear index gram- mar and unordered vector grammar with dominance links. The former models certain uses of multisetvalued feature structures in unification-based for- malisms, while the latter is motivated by word order variation and by "quasi-trees", a generalization of trees. The two formalisms are weakly equivalent, and an important subset is at most context-sensitive and polyno- mially parsable.
An approach to Robust Partial Parsing and Evaluation Metrics
- In Proceedings of the Eight European Summer School In Logic, Language and Information
, 1996
"... In this paper, we present a new technique called LightweightDependency Analysis which in conjunctionwith Supertag disambiguation provides a method for Robust Partial Parsing, called Almost Parsing. An overview is given of the XTAG system in which this technique is being developed. In addition, we ..."
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Cited by 18 (1 self)
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In this paper, we present a new technique called LightweightDependency Analysis which in conjunctionwith Supertag disambiguation provides a method for Robust Partial Parsing, called Almost Parsing. An overview is given of the XTAG system in which this technique is being developed. In addition, we propose alternate metrics for evaluation of partial parsers that can also serve to evaluate full parsers.
Concurrent lexicalized dependency parsing: the ParseTalk model
- COLING ‘94: Proc. 15th Intl. Conf. on Computational Linguistics (this volume
, 1994
"... Abstract. A grammar model for concurrent, object-oriented natural language parsing is introduced. Complete lexical distribution of grammatical knowledge is achieved building upon the head-oriented notions of valency and dependency, while inheritance mechanisms are used to capture lexical generalizat ..."
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Cited by 17 (9 self)
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Abstract. A grammar model for concurrent, object-oriented natural language parsing is introduced. Complete lexical distribution of grammatical knowledge is achieved building upon the head-oriented notions of valency and dependency, while inheritance mechanisms are used to capture lexical generalizations. The underlying concurrent computation model relies upon the actor paradigm. We consider message passing protocols for establishing dependency relations and ambiguity handling. 1

