An analog QRS complex detection circuit, for pacemaker applications, based on the Wavelet Transform (WT) is presented. The system detects the wavelet modulus maxima of the QRS complex. It consists of a wavelet transform filter, an absolute value circuit, a peak detector and a comparator. In order to achieve the low-power requirement in pacemakers, we propose a new method for implementing the WT in an analog way by means of the Dynamic Translinear (DTL) circuit technique. Simulations indicate a good performance of the Wavelet Transform and the QRS complex detection. The resulting circuit operates from a 2-V supply voltage, dissipates at most 55nW per scale and can be fully integrated.

A promising new approach to shorten the design trajectory of analog integrated circuits without giving up functionality is formed by the class of dynamic translinear circuits. This paper presents a structured design method for this young, yet rapidly developing, circuit paradigm. As a design example, a 40-¯A 2-V dynamic translinear PLL, used as an FM demodulator, is presented. I. Introduction Electronics design can be considered to be the mapping of a set of mathematical functions onto silicon. For discrete-time systems, of which the digital systems today are by far the most popular, this comes down to the implementation of a number of difference equations, whereas for continuous-time systems, often denoted by the term analog, differential equations are the starting points. In mixed analog-digital systems, the analog parts, however, often occupy less than ten percent of the complete, i.e., the mixed analog-digital circuitry, whereas their design trajectory is often substantially longe...

This report describes the class of static translinear circuits, which are capable of accurately implementing a wide range of static nonlinear relationships in the current signal domain, such as products, quotients, fixed power-law relationships, vector magnitude, and rational functions. After a brief historical account of the emergence of the class of translinear circuits, we examine the representation of information in translinear circuits and systems. Then, we describe the translinear principle and its application to the analysis and synthesis of translinear-loop circuits, illustrating the processes with several example circuits. We then describe the operation and implementation of a translinear-circuit primitive called the multiple-input translinear element (MITE). From such elements, we build MITE networks, a class of low-voltage translinear circuits that is equivalent to the class of translinear-loop circuits. We describe intuitively the operation of MITE networks. We also describe how to analyze and synthesize such circuits, illustrating these processes with several example circuits.

Linearization of the nonlinear transfer function of a sensor, r.m.s. to dc conversion, vector summation, triangle-to-sinewave converters, compressing and expanding analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog converters

Abstract. This paper presents a switched current multiplier, dedicated for the use in highly parallel computation arrays or neural networks. It is designed for 3V supply voltage, performing 50k multiplications per second with a power dissipation of 100nW and an accuracy better than 1.5 % considering the presence of possible device-mismatch. I

Dynamic programming is well-known as a powerful modeling technique for dealing with the issue of making optimal decisions sequentially. Many practical problems, such as finding shortest paths in route planning, multi-stage optimal control, can be formulated as special cases of the general sequential decision process. This paper proposes a connectionist network architecture, called the binary relation inference network, which solves a special class of dynamic programming problems in the continuous time. They include the all-pair solutions for a family of closed semiring path problems, such as shortest paths, transitive closure, minimum spanning tree, and minimax path problems. The all-pair inference network specifies a basic and uniform computation of its individual units which then collectively emerge towards a global optimal solution. The computational order in its discrete-time variants, either as synchronous or asynchronous networks, bear a close resemblance to the Floyd-Warshall al...

In this thesis a new signal processing technique is presented. This technique exploits the use of pulses as the signalling mechanism. This Palmo 1 signalling method applied to signal processing is novel, combining the advantages of both digital and analogue techniques. Pulsed signals are robust, inherently low-power, easily regenerated, and easily distributed across and between chips. The Palmo cells used to perform analogue operations on the pulsed signals are compact, fast, simple and programmable.

An analog QRS complex detection circuit, for pacemaker applications, based on the Wavelet Transform (WT) is presented here. The system detects the modulus maxima of the QRS complex. It consists of a wavelet transform fi lter, an absolute value circuit, a peak detector and a comparator. In order to achieve the low-power requirement in pacemakers, we propose a new method for implementing the WT in an analog way by means of the Dynamic Translinear (DTL) circuit technique. Simulations indicate a good performance of the Wavelet Transform and the QRS complex detection. The resulting circuit operates from a 2-V supply voltage, dissipates at most 55nW per scale and can be fully integrated.

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