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Behavioral models of impulsivity in relation to ADHD: translation between clinical and preclinical studies
- Clin. Psychol. Rev
, 2006
"... Impulsivity, broadly defined as action without foresight, is a component of numerous psychiatric illnesses including attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), mania and substance abuse. In order to investigate the mechanisms underpinning impulsive behavior, the nature of impulsivity itself ne ..."
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Impulsivity, broadly defined as action without foresight, is a component of numerous psychiatric illnesses including attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), mania and substance abuse. In order to investigate the mechanisms underpinning impulsive behavior, the nature of impulsivity itself needs to be defined in operational terms that can be used as the basis for empirical investigation. Due to the range of behaviors that the term impulsivity describes, it has been suggested that impulsivity is not a unitary construct, but encompasses a variety of related phenomena that may differ in their biological basis. Through fractionating impulsivity into these component parts, it has proved possible to devise different behavioral paradigms to measure various aspects of impulsivity in both humans and laboratory animals. This review describes and evaluates some of the current behavioral models of impulsivity developed for use with rodents based on human neuropsychological tests, focusing on the five-choice serial reaction time task, the stop-signal reaction time task and delay-discounting paradigms. Furthermore, the contributions made by preclinical studies using such methodology to improve our understanding of the neural and neurochemical basis of impulsivity and ADHD are discussed, with particular reference to the involvement of both the serotonergic and dopaminergic systems, and frontostriatal circuitry.
Security Classification DOCUMENT CONTROL DATA-R&D
, 1970
"... This document bu beeo ippi'OVed for pabtic release aDd sale; its distributioa is unlimited. ..."
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This document bu beeo ippi'OVed for pabtic release aDd sale; its distributioa is unlimited.
NOISE AND HUMAN PERFORMANCE
, 1971
"... /I ') " I I '. I 7|(" ' " ' fffutl mul iin III I VI 'hilr:,, I if I lilimr, mnlillr irulinl, III-.II ..."
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/I ') " I I '. I 7|(" ' " ' fffutl mul iin III I VI 'hilr:,, I if I lilimr, mnlillr irulinl, III-.II
PAOPA: ITS BEHAVIOURAL, COGNITIVE, AND MOLECULAR EFFECTS CHARACTERIZING THE COGNITIVE, BEHAVIOURAL, AND MECHANISTIC ACTIONS OF NOVEL ALLOSTERIC MODULATOR PAOPA FOR THE TREATMENT OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
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Journal of Biomedical Science BioMed Central
, 2009
"... Alpha adrenergic modulation on effects of norepinephrine transporter inhibitor reboxetine in five-choice serial reaction time task ..."
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Alpha adrenergic modulation on effects of norepinephrine transporter inhibitor reboxetine in five-choice serial reaction time task
Stockholm
, 1995
"... Berglund, B., & Lindvall, T. (Eds.). Community noise. Archives of the ..."
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Berglund, B., & Lindvall, T. (Eds.). Community noise. Archives of the
FATIGUE IN TRUCK ACCIDENTS iiiCONTENTS
, 1989
"... Based on Coroners ' verdicts, fatigue of car or truck drivers was a contributing factor in 9.1 % of fatal accidents involving trucks. Based on the presence of factors such as extended driving hours, falling asleep at the wheel, comments about tiredness, driving right of centre and night-time dr ..."
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Based on Coroners ' verdicts, fatigue of car or truck drivers was a contributing factor in 9.1 % of fatal accidents involving trucks. Based on the presence of factors such as extended driving hours, falling asleep at the wheel, comments about tiredness, driving right of centre and night-time driving, the authors estimated fatigue contributed to 19.9 % of the accidents. There were approximately equal numbers of fatigued car drivers and truck drivers. An analysis of casualty and fatal truck accidents by time of day (adjusted for exposure) showed that accident risks were highest during the night on all five Victorian highways studied. Driver fatigue is one of the possible factors underlying this pattern of elevated risk. The report section described in-vehicle fatigue counter-measures. The distinction between fatigue monitors and alerting devices was made and it was recommended that eye closure and head nodding monitors and an alerting device be tested in the next stage of this project. Key Words: Fatigue (human), accident rate, fatality,
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, 2011
"... doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2011.00065 Distinct changes in CREB phosphorylation in frontal cortex and striatum during contingent and non-contingent performance of a visual attention task ..."
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doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2011.00065 Distinct changes in CREB phosphorylation in frontal cortex and striatum during contingent and non-contingent performance of a visual attention task
Functions of frontostriatal syste neuropsychopharmacological studi
"... e 2 enc neuropsychiatric disorders. Specifically, we have made detailed comparisons of performance following basal ganglia disease such as Parkinson’s Biological Psychology 73 (disease, with other informative groups, including Alzheimer’s disease, schizophrenia and attention deficit/hyperactivity di ..."
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e 2 enc neuropsychiatric disorders. Specifically, we have made detailed comparisons of performance following basal ganglia disease such as Parkinson’s Biological Psychology 73 (disease, with other informative groups, including Alzheimer’s disease, schizophrenia and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and structural damage to the frontal lobes themselves. We have reviewed several behavioural paradigms including spatial attention and set-shifting, working memory and decision-making tasks in which optimal performance requires the operation of several cognitive processes that can be successfully dissociated with suitable precision in experimental animals. The role of ascending neurotransmitter systems are analysed from the perspective of different interactions with the prefrontal cortex. In particular, the role of dopamine in attentional control and spatial working memory is surveyed with reference to its deleterious as well as facilitatory effects. Parallels are identified in humans receiving dopaminergic medication, and with monkeys and rats with frontal dopamine manipulations. The effects of serotonergic manipulations are also contrasted with frontal lobe deficits observed in both humans and animals. The main findings are that certain tests of frontal lobe function are very sensitive to several neurocognitive and neuropsychiatric disorders. However, the nature of some of these deficits often differs qualitatively from those produced by frontal lobe lesions, and animal models have been useful in defining various candidate neural systems thus enabling us to translate basic laboratory science to the clinic, as well as in the reverse direction. Published by Elsevier B.V.
