The paper presents results of ongoing work aiming at the unification of some behavioral description formalisms for timed systems. We propose for the algebra of timed processes ATP a very general semantics in terms of a time domain. It is then shown how ATP can be translated into a variant of timed graphs. This result allows the application of existing model-checking techniques to ATP. Finally, we propose a notion of hybrid systems as a generalization of timed graphs. Such systems can evolve, either by executing a discrete transition, or by performing some "continuous " transformation. The formalisms studied admit the same class of models: time deterministic and time continuous, possibly infinitely branching transition systems labeled by actions or durations.

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An equational language to specify object-oriented conceptual models is defined. Objects are considered to be characterized by a unique object identifier and have static and dynamic structure. Examples of static structure are classification, aggregation, generalization and grouping, examples of dynamic structure are events, processes, local (intra-object) and global (inter-object) and communication. The language, called CMSL, has a declarative (algebraic) semantics, which is divided into two. The part of CMSL that can be used to specify static structures has an initial algebra semantics, in which the data elements are object versions. The part dealing with process has a larger algebra as semantics; in this paper we use an algebra of graphs modulo bisimulation equivalence. About both models can be reasoned using standard equational logic. Apart from the combination of static and dynamic features of objects in an algebraic framework, and the joint specification of this in an equational la...

This paper combines and extends the material of [GG-a/c/d/e], except for the part in [GG-c] on refinement of transitions in Petri nets and the discussion of TCSP-like parallel composition in [GG-e]. An informal presentation of some basic ingredients of this paper appeared as [GG-b]. Among others, the treatment of action refinement in stable and non-stable event structures is new. The research reported here was supported by Esprit project 432 (METEOR), Esprit Basic Research Action 3148 (DEMON), Sonderforschungsbereich 342 of the TU Munchen, ONR grant N00014-92-J-1974 and the Human Capital and Mobility Cooperation Network EXPRESS (Expressiveness of Languages for Concurrency). Contents

Transition systems can be viewed either as process diagrams or as Kripke structures. The first perspective is that of process theory, the second that of modal logic. This paper shows how various formalisms of modal logic can be brought to bear on processes. Notions of bisimulation can not only be motivated by operations on transition systems, but they can also be suggested by investigations of modal formalisms. To show that the equational view of processes from process algebra is closely related to modal logic, we consider various ways of looking at the relation between the calculus of basic process algebra and propositional dynamic logic. More concretely, the paper contains preservation results for various bisimulation notions, a result on the expressive power of propositional dynamic logic, and a definition of bisimulation which is the proper notion of invariance for concurrent propositional dynamic logic. Keywords: modal logic, transition systems, bisimulation, process algebra 1 In...

this paper was published as Walicki, M.A. and Meldal, S., 1995, Nondeterministic Operators in Algebraic Frameworks, Tehnical Report No. CSL--TR--95--664, Stanford University

: The current algebraic models for nondeterminism focus on the notion of possibility rather than necessity, and con sequently equate (nondeterministic) terms that one intuitively would not consider equal. Furthermore, existing models for nondeterminism depart radically from the standard models for (equational) specifications of deterministic operators. One would prefer that a specification language for nondeterministic operators be based on an extension of the standard model concepts, preferably in such a way that the reasoning system for (possibly nondeterministic) operators becomes the standard equational one whenever restricted to the deterministic operators -- the objective should be to minimize the departure from the standard frameworks. In this paper we define a specification language for nondeterministic operators and multialgebraic semantics. The first complete reasoning system for such specifications is introduced. We also define a transformation of specifications of nondeterm...

Abstract. Van Glabbeek (1990) presented the linear time/branching time spectrum of behavioral equivalences for finitely branching, concrete, sequential processes. He studied these semantics in the setting of the basic process algebra BCCSP, and tried to give finite complete axiomatizations for them. Obtaining such axiomatizations in concurrency theory often turns out to be difficult, even in the setting of simple languages like BCCSP. This has raised a host of open questions that have been the subject of intensive research in recent years. Most of these questions have been settled over BCCSP, either positively by giving a finite complete axiomatization, or negatively by proving that such an axiomatization does not exist. Still some open questions remain. This paper reports on these results, and on the state-of-the-art in axiomatizations for richer process algebras with constructs like sequential and parallel composition. 1

This document presents two different paradigms of description of communication behaviour, one focussing on global message flows and another on end-point behaviours, as formal calculi based on session types. The global calculus originates from Choreography Description Language, a web service description language developed by W3C WS-CDL working group. The end-point calculus is a typed π-calculus. The global calculus describes an interaction scenario from a vantage viewpoint; the endpoint calculus precisely identifies a local behaviour of each participant. After introducing the static and dynamic semantics of these two calculi, we explore a theory of endpoint projection which defines three principles for well-structured global description. The theory then defines a translation under the three principles which is sound and complete in the sense that all and only behaviours specified in the global description are realised as communications among end-point processes. Throughout the theory, underlying type structures play a fundamental role. The document is divided in two parts: part I introduces the two descriptive frameworks using simple but non-trivial examples; the second part establishes a theory of the global and end-point formalisms.

The questions of program comparison --- asking when two programs are equal, or when one is a suitable substitute for another --- are central in the semantics and verification of programs. It is not obvious what the definitions of comparison should be for parallel programs, even in the relatively simple case of core languages for concurrency, such as the kernel language of Milner's CCS. We introduce some criteria for judging notions of program comparison. Our basic notion is that of a congruence: two programs are equivalent with respect to a language L and a set of observations O iff they cannot be distinguished by any observation in O in any context of L. Bisimulation, the notion of program equivalence ordinarily used with CCS, is finer than CCS congruence: there are two programs which are not bisimilar, but cannot be told apart by CCS contexts. We explore the possibility of making bisimulation into a congruence. We CCS is defined by a set of structured operational rules. We introduc...