Dedicated to Ami Harten for his many contributions and warm sense of humor. Abstract. An adaptive mesh refinement algorithm developed for the Euler equations of gas dynamics has been extended to employ high-resolution wave-propagation algorithms in a more general framework. This allows its use on a variety of new problems, including hyperbolic equations not in conservation form, problems with source terms or capacity functions, and logically rectangular curvilinear grids. This framework requires a modified approach to maintaining consistency and conservation at grid interfaces, which is described in detail. The algorithm is implemented in the amrclaw package, which is freely available.

Abstract. We study a general approach to solving conservation laws of the form qt+f(q, x)x =0, where the flux function f(q, x) has explicit spatial variation. Finite-volume methods are used in which the flux is discretized spatially, giving a function fi(q) over the ith grid cell and leading to a generalized Riemann problem between neighboring grid cells. A high-resolution wave-propagation algorithm is defined in which waves are based directly on a decomposition of flux differences fi(Qi)− fi−1(Qi−1) into eigenvectors of an approximate Jacobian matrix. This method is shown to be second-order accurate for smooth problems and allows the application of wave limiters to obtain sharp results on discontinuities. Balance laws qt + f(q, x)x = ψ(q, x) are also considered, in which case the source term is used to modify the flux difference before performing the wave decomposition, and an additional term is derived that must also be included to obtain full accuracy. This method is particularly useful for quasi-steady problems close to steady state. Key words. finite-volume methods, high-resolution methods, conservation laws, source terms, discontinuous flux functions AMS subject classifications. 65M06, 35L65 PII. S106482750139738X

Fey’s Method of Transport (MoT) is a multidimensional flux-vector-splitting scheme for systems of conservation laws. Similarly to its one-dimensional forerunner, the Steger–Warming scheme, and several other upwind finite-difference schemes, the MoT suffers from an inconsistency at sonic points when used with piecewise-constant reconstructions. This inconsistency is due to a cell-centered evolution scheme, which we call MoT-CCE, that is used to propagate the waves resulting from the flux-vector-splitting step. Here we derive new first-order- and second-orderconsistent characteristic schemes based on interface-centered evolution, which we call MoT-ICE. We prove consistency at all points, including the sonic points. Moreover, we simplify Fey’s wave decomposition by distinguishing clearly between a linearization and a decomposition step. Numerical experiments confirm the stability and accuracy of the new schemes. Owing to the simplicity of the two new ingredients of the MoT-ICE, its second-order version is several times faster than that of the

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Obtainable computational efficiency is evaluated when using an Adaptive Mesh Refinement (AMR) strategy in time accurate simulations governed by sets of conservation laws. For a variety of 1D, 2D, and 3D hydro- and magnetohydrodynamic simulations, AMR is used in combination with several shock-capturing, conservative discretization schemes. Solution accuracy and execution times are compared with static grid simulations at the corresponding high resolution and time spent on AMR overhead is reported. Our examples reach corresponding efficiencies of 5 to 20 in multidimensional calculations and only 1.5 - 8 % overhead is observed. For AMR calculations of multi-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic problems, several strategies for controlling the r B = 0 constraint are examined. Three source term approaches suitable for cell-centered B representations are shown to be effective. For 2D and 3D calculations where a transition to a more globally turbulent state takes place, it is advocated to use an approximate Riemann solver based discretization at the highest allowed level(s), in combination with the robust Total Variation Diminishing Lax-Friedrichs method on the coarser levels. This level-dependent use of the spatial discretization acts as a computationally efficient, hybrid scheme.

We discuss how to combine a front tracking method with dimensional splitting to solve numerically systems of conservation laws in two space dimensions. In addition we present an adaptive grid refinement strategy. The method is unconditionally stable and allows for moderately high cfl numbers (typically 1-4), and thus it is highly efficient. The method is

Abstract. We describe a class of logically rectangular quadrilateral and hexahedral grids for solving PDEs in circular and spherical domains, including grid mappings for the circle, the surface of the sphere and the three-dimensional ball. The grids are logically rectangular and the computational domain is a single Cartesian grid. Compared to alternative approaches based on a multiblock data structure or unstructured triangulations, this approach simplifies the implementation of numerical methods and the use of adaptive refinement. A more general domain with a smooth boundary can be gridded by composing one of the mappings from this paper with another smooth mapping from the circle or sphere to the desired domain. Although these grids are highly non-orthogonal, we show that the high-resolution wave-propagation algorithm implemented in clawpack can be effectively used to approximate hyperbolic problems on these grids. Since the ratio between the largest and smallest grid is below 2 for most of our grid mappings, explicit finite volume methods such as the wave propagation algorithm do not suffer from the center or pole singularities that arise with polar or latitude-longitude grids. Numerical test calculations illustrate the potential use of these grids for a variety of applications including Euler equations, shallow water equations, and acoustics in a heterogeneous medium. Pattern formation from a reaction-diffusion equation on the sphere is also considered. All examples are implemented in the clawpack software package and full source code is available on the web, along with matlab routines for the various mappings.

Contents 1. Introduction : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 4 1.1 Software : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 6 1.2 Notation : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 7 1.3 Classification of differential equations : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 7 2. Derivation of conservation laws : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 10 2.1 The Euler equations of gas dynamics : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 13 2.2 Dissipative fluxes : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 14 2.3 Source terms : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 14 2.4 Radiative trans

An extension of the wave propagation algorithm first introduced by LeVeque [J. Comp. Phys. 131, 327-353 (1997)] is developed for hyperbolic systems on a general curved manifold. This extension is important in a variety of applications, including the propagation of sound waves on a curved surface, shallow water flow on the surface of the Earth, shallow water magnetohydrodynamics in the solar tachocline, and relativistic hydrodynamics in the presence of compact objects such as neutron stars and black holes. As is the case for the Cartesian wave propagation algorithm, this new approach is second order accurate for smooth flows and high-resolution shockcapturing. The algorithm is formulated such that scalar variables are numerically conserved and vector variables have a geometric source term that is naturally incorporated into a modified Riemann solver. Furthermore, all necessary one-dimensional Riemann problems are solved in a locally valid orthonormal basis. This orthonormalization allows one to solve Cartesian Riemann problems that are devoid of geometric terms. The new method is tested via application to the linear wave equation on a curved manifold as well as the shallow water equations on part of a sphere. The proposed algorithm has been implemented in the software package clawpack and is freely available on the web.

Abstract. We consider a model for dusty gas flow that consists of the compressible Euler equations for the gas coupled to a similar (but pressureless) system of equations for the mass, momentum, and energy of the dust. These sets of equations are coupled via drag terms and heat transfer. A high-resolution wave-propagation algorithm is used to solve the equations numerically. The one-dimensional algorithm is shown to give agreement with a shock tube test problem in the literature. The two-dimensional algorithm has been applied to model expolsive volcanic eruptions in which an axisymmetric jet of hot dusty gas is injected into the atmosphere and the expected behavior is observed at two different vent velocities. The methodology described here, with extensions to three dimensions and adaptive mesh refinement, is being used for more detailed studies of volcanic jet processes. Key words. Finite volume methods, high-resolution methods, volcanic flows, dusty gas, plumes, jets, shocks