Results 1 -
6 of
6
Executive control in spoken noun-phrase production: Contributions of updating, inhibiting, and shifting
"... The present study examined how the updating, inhibiting, and shifting abilities underlying executive control influence spoken noun-phrase production. Previous studies provided evidence that updating and inhibiting, but not shifting, influence picture-naming response time (RT). However, little is kn ..."
Abstract
- Add to MetaCart
(Show Context)
The present study examined how the updating, inhibiting, and shifting abilities underlying executive control influence spoken noun-phrase production. Previous studies provided evidence that updating and inhibiting, but not shifting, influence picture-naming response time (RT). However, little is known about the role of executive control in more complex forms of language production like generating phrases. We assessed noun-phrase production using picture description and a picture-word interference procedure. We measured picture description RT to assess length, distractor, and switch effects, which were assumed to reflect, respectively, the updating, inhibiting, and shifting abilities of adult participants. Moreover, for each participant we obtained scores on executive control tasks that measured verbal and nonverbal updating, nonverbal inhibiting, and nonverbal shifting. We found that both verbal and nonverbal updating scores correlated with the overall mean picture description RTs. Furthermore, the length effect in the RTs correlated with verbal but not nonverbal updating scores, while the distractor effect correlated with inhibiting scores. We did not find a correlation between the switch effect in the mean RTs and the shifting scores. However, the shifting scores correlated with the switch effect in the normal part of the underlying RT distribution. These results suggest that updating, inhibiting, and shifting each influence the speed of phrase production, thereby demonstrating a contribution of all three executive control abilities to language production. Keywords: Executive control; Language production. Individuals learn to produce language long before they acquire other cognitive skills, such as solving mathematical equations or playing chess. However, the mechanisms underlying fundamental language production abilities are not simple. To begin with, in producing an utterance, a speaker needs to select and encode appropriate words. A well-known theory of word production distinguishes between two stages: lexical selection and word-form encoding We thank Simon Fisher and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments.
READING AND SEMANTIC INTERFERENCE 1 Semantic Interference in Picture Naming During Dual-Task Performance Does Not Vary With
"... Previous dual-task studies examining the locus of semantic interference of distractor words in picture naming have obtained diverging results. In these studies, participants manually responded to tones and named pictures while ignoring distractor words (picture-word interference, PWI) with varying s ..."
Abstract
- Add to MetaCart
(Show Context)
Previous dual-task studies examining the locus of semantic interference of distractor words in picture naming have obtained diverging results. In these studies, participants manually responded to tones and named pictures while ignoring distractor words (picture-word interference, PWI) with varying stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) between tone and PWI stimulus. Whereas some studies observed no semantic interference at short SOAs, other studies observed effects of similar magnitude at short and long SOAs. The absence of semantic interference in some studies may perhaps be due to better reading skill of participants in these compared to the other studies. According to such a reading-ability account, participants ' reading skill should be predictive of the magnitude of their interference effect at short SOAs. To test this account, we conducted a dual-task study with tone discrimination and PWI tasks, and measured participants ' reading ability. The semantic interference effect was of similar magnitude at both short and long SOAs. Participants' reading ability was predictive of their naming speed but not of their semantic interference effect, contrary to the reading ability account. We conclude that the magnitude of semantic interference in
TASK CHOICE AND SEMANTIC INTERFERENCE 1 Task Choice and Semantic Interference in Picture Naming
"... Evidence from dual-task performance indicates that speakers prefer not to select simultaneously responses in picture naming and another unrelated task, suggesting a response selection bottleneck in naming. In particular, when participants respond to tones with a manual response and name pictures wit ..."
Abstract
- Add to MetaCart
(Show Context)
Evidence from dual-task performance indicates that speakers prefer not to select simultaneously responses in picture naming and another unrelated task, suggesting a response selection bottleneck in naming. In particular, when participants respond to tones with a manual response and name pictures with superimposed semantically related or unrelated distractor words, semantic interference in naming tends to be constant across stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs) between the tone stimulus and the picture-word stimulus. In the present study, we examine whether semantic interference in picture naming depends on SOA in case of a task choice (naming the picture vs reading the word of a picture-word stimulus) based on tones. This situation requires concurrent processing of the tone stimulus and the picture-word stimulus, but not a manual response to the tones. On each trial, participants either named a picture or read aloud a word depending on the pitch of a tone, which was presented simultaneously with picture-word onset or 350 ms or 1000 ms before picture-word onset. Semantic interference was present with tone pre-exposure, but absent when tone and picture-word stimulus were presented simultaneously. Against the background of the available
PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE
, 2014
"... Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: ..."
Abstract
- Add to MetaCart
(Show Context)
Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information:
International Journal of General Medicine Dovepress submit your manuscript | www.dovepress.com
"... open access to scientific and medical research ..."
Semantic interference in picture naming during dual-task performance
, 2014
"... does not vary with reading ability ..."
(Show Context)
