p0220 p0225 p0230 Many users are familiar with the interesting but limited functionality of data detector interfaces like Microsoft’s Smart Tags and Google’s AutoLink. In this chapter we significantly expand the breadth and functionality of this type of user interface through the use of large-scale knowledge bases of semantic information. The result is a Web browser that is able to generate personalized semantic hypertext, providing a goal-oriented browsing experience. We present (1) Creo, a programming-by-example system for the Web that allows users to create a general purpose procedure with a single example; and (2) Miro, a data detector that matches the content of a page to high-level user goals. An evaluation with 34 subjects found that they were more efficient using our system, and that the subjects would use features like these if they were integrated into their Web browser. s0010 p0235 p0240

Evolution in scientific software is often according to a specific pattern of software changes: professional scientists, who are not professional software developers, need rapid, dynamic, and domain-specific changes of the software they work with. To address unanticipated software evolution in this field, our objective is to enable these end-users (here: biologists) to change software from the user interface. An approach is presented that integrates technological and methodological solutions. We explain why these solutions are complementary, and how they can be integrated and co-evolved from software design to actual use. 1

Keywords: POP-I.C. end-user applications, POP-II.A. end-users, POP-IV.A. programming by example We describe a technique that allows end-users to specify automated transformations of structured text by inferring an underlying model. Inference is achieved with a novel algorithm, Structured Prediction by Partial Match (SPPM), a generalisation of the well-known PPM approach to predictive text entry and compression. We created two simple applications, as examples of "first steps " end-user programming tasks that can be achieved using SPPM. In empirical evaluations, each of these applications proved to be substantially superior to equivalent facilities in leading commercial products. 1.