We present CiteSeer: an autonomous citation indexing system which indexes academic literature in electronic format (e.g. Postscript files on the Web). CiteSeer understands how to parse citations, identify citations to the same paper in different formats, and identify the context of citations in the body of articles. CiteSeer provides most of the advantages of traditional (manually constructed) citation indexes (e.g. the ISI citation indexes), including: literature retrieval by following citation links (e.g. by providing a list of papers that cite a given paper), the evaluation and ranking of papers, authors, journals, etc. based on the number of citations, and the identification of research trends. CiteSeer has many advantages over traditional citation indexes, including the ability to create more up-to-date databases which are not limited to a preselected set of journals or restricted by journal publication delays, completely autonomous operation with a corresponding reduction in cost, and powerful interactive browsing of the literature using the context of citations. Given a particular paper of interest, CiteSeer can display the context of how the paper is cited in subsequent publications. This context may contain a brief summary of the paper, another author's response to the paper, or subsequent work which builds upon the original article. CiteSeer allows the location of papers by keyword search or by citation links. Papers related to a given paper can be located using common citation information or word vector similarity. CiteSeer will soon be available for public use.

This study presents an extensive domain analysis of a in articles, regardless of which of their works are cited. discipline—information science—in terms of its authors. Names of those most frequently cited in 12 key

Design is a term that brings many people together. Collectively, we distinguish ourselves from others by the fact that we are designers and members of a design community. But, design is also a term that pushes people apart. The design that some value in the new fashions in the boutiques in Milan is not seen by everyone as design. While some are impressed with the design of a new telephone, not everyone sees this as design. As a community, we believe design is important. But, as a community, we do not have a common definition of what it is. Many views of design have been proposed. Several classifications of design have been proposed. In this paper, we also seek to classify views on design. Unlike earlier efforts, however, we want to find the classification that the global community of designers uses. To this end, we examine the patterns of citations to key authors ’ works (Author Cocitation Analysis) to uncover this classification and identify seven key author clusters representing identifiable theory groups or schools of thought/practice in design.

Literature indexing tools provide researchers with a means to navigate through the network of scholarly scientific articles in a subject domain. We propose that more effective indexing tools may be designed using the links between articles provided by citations. With the explosion in the amount of scientific literature and with the advent of artifacts requiring more sophisticated indexing, a means to provide more information about the citation relation in order to give more intelligent control to the navigation process is warranted. In order to navigate

Aggregated journal-journal citations for 1999 are compared with similar data in the Journal Citation Reports 1998 of the Social Science Citation Index. In addition to indicating local change, probabilistic entropy measures enable us to analyze changes in distributions at different levels of aggregation. The indicators are compared by elaborating the journal-journal mappings and in relation to similar developments in the Science Citation Index. Specialty formation seems a more important mechanism in the development of the social sciences than in the natural and life sciences, but the developments are volatile. The use of aggregate statistics based on the Science Citation Index is ill-advised in the case of the social sciences because of differences in the underlying dynamics

Academy of Sciences titled Research Doctorate Programs in the United States - Continuity and Change. 1 Using an extensive questionnaire technique addressed to most academic research institutions in the USA, the tabulated results were correlated with citation and publication analyses and concluded that: "The clearest relationship between ratings of the 'scholarly quality of program faculty' and these productivity measures occurred with respect to 'citation' - with faculty in toprated programs cited much more often than faculty in lower-rated programs who published." Questionnaire surveys are but one of many different subjective approaches to research evaluation. Cornelius Le Pair has stated succinctly the approach to citation analysis that I have always supported: "Citation Analysis is a fair evaluation tool for those scientific sub-fields where publication in the serial literature is the main vehicle of communication. 2 It's

A network can be defined as a set of linked nodes, where nodes rep-resent actors and links represent the relationships between actors. Net-works can be simple, such as a family structure, or very complex, such as the World Wide Web. Researchers have long explored network struc-tures; physicists, sociologists, statisticians and mathematicians have all contributed to the large body of literature that exists on the many facets of network analysis. Any network, simple or complex, that fosters social connections is a social network. As the web is a social network, how can we better understand the social analytic framework that influences current information retrieval and ranking techniques? To do so, we must examine the theoretical and methodological tradition of social network analysis. This paper attempts to provide this informative context. In section 1, we are introduced to the network analytic paradigm. In section 2, we ex-amine theoretical perspectives on social network analysis, exploring social power and social capital in detail. In section 3, we survey methodology in social network analysis, with special attention paid to the network epi-demiology. In section 4, we examine our current web analytic paradigm in the context of social network analysis. In section 5, conclusions and 1 further directions are presented. 1

This Provisional PDF corresponds to the article as it appeared upon acceptance. Fully formatted PDF and full text (HTML) versions will be made available soon. The intellectual structure and substance of the knowledge utilization field: A longitudinal author co-citation analysis, 1945-2004 Implementation Science 2008, 3:49 doi:10.1186/1748-5908-3-49

WoS CS 275 LCS 2 cites 3 CR[65] 1969, AM SCHOLAR, V38, P197 1969, AM SCIENTIST, V57, P1 CORRESPONDENCE H OLD, V4, P223 1963, EUROPEAN J SOCIOLOGY, V4, P237 *INT COUNC SCIENT, 1962, TENTATIVE STUDY PUBL BARBER B, 1952, SCIENCE SOCIAL ORDER, PCH4 BARNES SB, 1936, OSIRIS, V1, P155 BARNES SB, 1934, SCI MONTHLY, V38, P257 BERELSON B, 1960, GRADUATE EDUCATION U BOYLE, CORRESPONDENCE H OLD, V4, P94 BOYLE, CORRESPONDENCE H OLD, V3, P145 BOYLE, CORRESPONDENCE H OLD, V2, P291 BOYLE, 1772, WORKS HONOURABLE R B, V1 BROWN H, 1934, SCIENTIFIC ORGANISAT CAHNMAN WJ, 1967, AM SOCIOLOGIST, V2, P97 CHASE JM, 1970, AM SOCIOL, V5, P262 COLE J, 1969, THESIS COLUMBIA U, PCH6 COLE S, 1968, AM SOCIOL REV, V33, P397 COLE S, 1967, AM SOCIOL REV, V32, P377 COURNARD A, 1970, STUDIUM GENERALE, V23, P941 CRANE D, 1967, AM SOCIOL, V2, P195 EISENSTEIN E, 1969, PAST PRESENT, P19 FRANTZ TT, 1968, PERS GUID J, V47, P384 GARRISON FH, 1934, B I HIST MED, V2, P285 GOUDSMIT SA, 1969, PHYS TODAY, V22, P23 GOUDSMIT SA, 1968, PHYSICAL REV LETT, V21, P1425 GOUDSMIT SA, 1967, PHYSICS TODAY, V20, P12 HAGSTROM WO, 1965, SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY, P18 HALL AR, 1966, CORRESPONDENCE H OLD, V2, P319 HUXLEY L, 1900, LIFE LETT TH HUXLEY, V1, P97 KENISTON H, 1959, GRADUATE STUDY RESEA KENNAN S, 1968, J LITERATURE COVERED, P68 KESSLER MM, 1965, PHYS TODAY, V18, P28 KESSLER MM, 1957, TECHNICAL INFORMATIO, P247 KRONICK DA, 1962, HISTORY SCIENTIFIC T LIBBEY MA, 1967, ROLE DISTRIBUTION WR, P49 In Slide 10, we clicked on node #65 by Zuckerman and Merton to show its source record. Note that it is cited only twice in the local network but 275 times in the global file which covers SCI, SSCI, and A&HCI. 15 SLIDE 11: ALL-AUTHOR LIST Ranked All-Author list Total: 217 Sorted by Pubs Name TGCS TLCS Pubs GARFIELD E 197 26 11 SMALL HG 48...

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