We give a finitary axiomatization of the algebra of regular events involving only equations and equational implications. Unlike Salomaa 's axiomatizations, the axiomatization given here is sound for all interpretations over Kleene algebras. 1 Introduction Kleene algebras are algebraic structures with operators +, \Delta, , 0, and 1 satisfying certain axioms. They arise in various guises in a number of settings: relational algebra [22, 23], semantics and logics of programs [14, 24], automata and formal language theory [18, 19], and the design and analysis of algorithms [1, 21, 12]. An important example of a Kleene algebra is Reg \Sigma , the family of regular sets over a finite alphabet \Sigma. The equational theory of this structure has been called the algebra of regular events. This theory was first studied by Infor. and Comput. 110:2 (May 1994), 366--390. A preliminary version of this paper appeared as [16]. Kleene [13], who posed axiomatization as an open problem. Salomaa [2...

In Floyd-Hoare logic, programs are dynamic while assertions are static (hold at states). In action logic the two notions become one, with programs viewed as on-the-fly assertions whose truth is evaluated along intervals instead of at states. Action logic is an equational theory ACT conservatively extending the equational theory REG of regular expressions with operations preimplication a!b (had a then b) and postimplication b/a (b if-ever a). Unlike REG, ACT is finitely based, makes a reflexive transitive closure, and has an equivalent Hilbert system. The crucial axiom is that of pure induction, (a!a) = a!a. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation under grant number CCR-8814921. 1 Introduction Many logics of action have been proposed, most of them in the past two decades. Here we define action logic, ACT, a new yet simple juxtaposition of old ideas, and show off some of its attractive aspects. The language of action logic is that of equational regular expressio...

Kleene algebras are an important class of algebraic structures that arise in diverse areas of computer science: program logic and semantics, relational algebra, automata theory, and the design and analysis of algorithms. The literature contains several inequivalent definitions of Kleene algebras and related algebraic structures [2, 14, 15, 5, 6, 1, 10, 7]. In this paper we establish some new relationships among these structures. Our main results are: ffl There is a Kleene algebra in the sense of [6] that is not *-continuous. ffl The categories of *-continuous Kleene algebras [5, 6], closed semirings [1, 10] and S-algebras [2] are strongly related by adjunctions. ffl The axioms of Kleene algebra in the sense of [6] are not complete for the universal Horn theory of the regular events. This refutes a conjecture of Conway [2, p. 103]. ffl Right-handed Kleene algebras are not necessarily left-handed Kleene algebras. This verifies a weaker version of a conjecture of Pratt [15]. In Rov...

We use Kleene algebra with tests to verify a wide assortment ofcommon compiler optimizations, including dead code elimination, common subexpression elimination, copy propagation, loop hoisting, induction variable elimination, instruction scheduling, algebraic simplification, loop unrolling, elimination of redundant instructions, array bounds check elimination, and introduction of sentinels. In each of these cases, we give a formal equational proof of the correctness of the optimizing transformation.

We present a two-sorted algebra, called a Peirce algebra, of relations and sets interacting with each other. In a Peirce algebra, sets can combine with each other as in a Boolean algebra, relations can combine with each other as in a relation algebra, and in addition we have both a relationforming operator on sets (the Peirce product of Boolean modules) and a set-forming operator on relations (a cylindrification operation). Two applications of Peirce algebras are given. The first points out that Peirce algebras provide a natural algebraic framework for modelling certain programming constructs. The second shows that the so-called terminological logics arising in knowledge representation have evolved a semantics best described as a calculus of relations interacting with sets.

. We extend Belnap's Display Logic to give a cut-free Gentzen-style calculus for relation algebras. The calculus gives many axiomatic extensions of relation algebras by the addition of further structural rules. It also appears to be the first purely propositional Gentzen-style calculus for relation algebras. 1 Introduction Given a non-empty set U , the universal relation U \Theta U is the set of all ordered pairs (a; b) where a 2 U and b 2 U . Any subset of U \Theta U is a binary relation over U , and the set of all subsets of U \Theta U is the set of all binary relations over U . Thus any two binary relations R and S are each just a set of ordered pairs, and we can use the set-theoretic operations of complement, intersection and union to build other relations. The identity relation is f(a; a) j a 2 Ug while the "relative" analogues of complement, intersection and union are converse (` R) = f(b; a) j (a; b) 2 Rg, composition (R ffi S) = f(a; b) j 9c; (a; c) 2 R and (c; b) 2 Sg and ...

. Kleene algebras with tests provide a rigorous framework for equational specification and verification. They have been used successfully in basic safety analysis, source-to-source program transformation, and concurrency control. We prove the completeness of the equational theory of Kleene algebra with tests and *-continuous Kleene algebra with tests over language-theoretic and relational models. We also show decidability. Cohen's reduction of Kleene algebra with hypotheses of the form r = 0 to Kleene algebra without hypotheses is simplified and extended to handle Kleene algebras with tests. 1 Introduction A Kleene algebra with tests is an algebraic structure consisting of a Kleene algebra with an embedded Boolean subalgebra. This formalism provides a rigorous framework for equational specification and verification of programs. It has been applied successfully to problems in basic safety analysis, source-to-source program transformation, and concurrency control [3, 4, 5, 17]. Kleene ...

We explore the relation--algebraic aspects of the region connection calculus (RCC) of Randell et al. (1992a). In particular, we present a refinement of the RCC8 table which shows that the axioms provide for more relations than are listed in the present table. We also show that each RCC model leads to a Boolean algebra. Finally, we prove that a refined version of the RCC5 table has as models all atomless Boolean algebras B with the natural ordering as the "part -- of" relation, and that the table is closed under first order definable relations iff B is homogeneous. 1 Introduction Qualitative reasoning (QR) has its origins in the exploration of properties of physical systems when numerical information is not sufficient -- or not present -- to explain the situation at hand (Weld and Kleer, 1990). Furthermore, it is a tool to represent the abstractions of researchers who are constructing numerical systems which model the physical world. Thus, it fills a gap in data modeling which often l...

Dynamic algebras combine the classes of Boolean (B 0 0) and regular (R [ ; ) algebras into a single finitely axiomatized variety (B R 3) resembling an R-module with "scalar" multiplication 3. The basic result is that is reflexive transitive closure, contrary to the intuition that this concept should require quantifiers for its definition. Using this result we give several examples of dynamic algebras arising naturally in connection with additive functions, binary relations, state trajectories, languages, and flowcharts. The main result is that free dynamic algebras are residually finite (i.e. factor as a subdirect product of finite dynamic algebras), important because finite separable dynamic algebras are isomorphic to Kripke structures. Applications include a new completeness proof for the Segerberg axiomatization of propositional dynamic logic, and yet another notion of regular algebra. Key words: Dynamic algebra, logic, program verification, regular algebra. This paper or...

We show that the basic operations of the relational calculus on a "contact relation" generate at least 25 relations in any model of the Region Connection Calculus [33], and we show how to interpret these relations in the collection of regular open sets in the two-dimensional Euclidean plane. 1 Introduction Mereotopology is an area of qualitative spatial reasoning (QSR) which aims to develop formalisms for reasoning about spatial entities [1, 12, 30, 31]. The structures used in mereotopology consist of three parts: 1. A relational (or mereological) part, 2. An algebraic part, 3. A topological part. The algebraic part is often an atomless Boolean algebra, or, more generally, an orthocomplemented lattice, both without smallest element. Due to the presence of the binary relations "part-of" and "contact" in the relational part of mereotopology, composition based reasoning with binary relations has been of interest to the QSR community, and the expressive power, consistency and complexity o...