The axiom system ACP of [10] was extended to discrete time in [6]. Here, we proceed to define the silent step in this theory in branching bisimulation semantics [7, 15] rather than weak bisimulation semantics [11, 20]. The version using relative timing is discussed extensively, versions using absolute and parametric timing are presented in brief. A term model and a graph model are presented and soundness and completeness results are given. The time free theories BPA # and BPA # # are embedded in the discrete time theories. Examples of the use of the relative time theory are given by means of some calculations on communicating buffers. Note: Partial support received from ESPRIT Basic Research Action 7166, CONCUR2. This paper supersedes [4]. 1 Introduction Process algebra was introduced by Milner in the form of CCS [19]. The original design of CCS and of subsequent versions of process algebra such as ACP [10] and TCSP [14] involves no explicit notion of time. Time is present in the int...

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We introduce an ACP-style discrete-time process algebra with relative timing, that features the empty process. Extensions to this algebra are described, and ample attention is paid to the considerations and problems that arise when introducing the empty process. We prove time determinacy, soundness, completeness, and the axioms of standard concurrency. 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification: 68Q10, 68Q22, 68Q55. 1991 CR Categories: D.1.3, D.3.1, F.1.2, F.3.2. Keywords: ACP, process algebra, discrete time, relative timing, empty process, time determinacy, soundness, completeness, axioms of standard concurrency, #,BPA - drt --ID, BPA - drt,# --ID, PA - drt,# --ID, ACP - drt,# --ID, BPA drt,# --ID, PA drt,# --ID, ACP drt,# --ID, RSP(DEP). Note: The investigations of the second author were supported by the Netherlands Computer Science Research Foundation (SION) with financial support from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO). 3 Contents 1Introduction 5 1.1 Mo...