Many scientific fields share common interests for research and education. Yet, very often, these fields do not communicate to each other and are unaware of the work in other fields. Understanding the commonalities and differences among related fields can broaden our understanding of the interested phenomena from various perspectives, better utilize resources, enhance collaboration, and eventually move the related fields forward together. In this article, we present a conceptual framework, namely the Information-Model or I-model, to describe various aspects of information related fields. We consider this a timely effort in light of the evolutions of several information related fields and a set of questions related to the identities of these fields. It is especially timely in defining the newly formed Information Field from a community of twenty some information schools. We posit that the information related fields are built on a number of other fields but with their own unique foci and concerns. That is, core components from other fundamental fields interact and integrate with each other to form dynamic and interesting information related fields that all have to do with information, technology, people, and organization/society. The conceptual framework can have a number of uses. Besides providing a unified view of these related fields, it can be used to examine old case studies, recent research projects, educational programs and curricula concerns, as well as to illustrate the commonalities and differences with the information related fields.

Practitioners are typically aware that organisational complexity is important to IT project performance however they are unsure of exactly what it comprises and how they should take it into account in their decision-making. This paper contributes to addressing the ‘what’ question by taking a multi-level conflict approach to understanding the relationship between individuals, groups and IT project complexity-an area in the literature so far unexplored and thus the basis of this literature survey and theory development. We first assess existing studies of conflict using semantic analysis to identify the basic components of conflict. We consequently examine the relationship between these components. Lastly we formulate a multilevel model of the phenomena to relate conflict to IT Systems Development Project (ISDP) complexity. The resulting model of conflict in ISDPs suggests that conflicts can occur at three different the levels: individual; intra-group; and inter-group. And that the following can be the objects of conflict: tasks,